Eyelid surgery (technically called blepharoplasty) is a procedure to remove fat--usually along with excess skin and muscle from the upper and lower eyelids.

As we age, excess skin forms in the eye area and the skin loses elasticity. Fatty tissue can accumulate under the skin. Your eyes will "look older" because these aging processes leave the eyes appearing tired, wrinkled, or puffy. Even with a good skincare and eye care regimen, wrinkles, puffiness, and drooping eyelids will catch up to you. Genetic factors and body chemistry can cause these aging effects in younger people. Plastic surgery may restore a youthful and refreshed appearance to your eyes.

The best candidates for blepharoplasty are physically healthy, emotionally stable, and well-informed about the procedure. Ideal candidates are typically at least 35 (although genetic factors may indicate treatment for younger patients). Candidates may be excluded if they suffer from any of the following conditions: dry eye, high blood pressure, hypothyroidism, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, glaucoma, or Graves' disease. Personal anatomy issues, including bone and supporting structure, may also affect your candidacy.

(Please note that some alternative treatments may not be available or suitable to everyone.)

In some cases, wrinkles around the eyes may be reduced using chemical or laser treatments, or by a forehead, or brow, lift. Many creams, gels and beauty treatments claim to be able to tighten the skin around the eyes. However, there is no scientific proof that they work on a permanent basis.

Your surgeon will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly.

Aspirin and Vitamin E containing medications must be avoided at least 7days prior to your surgery. Specific instructions on this will be given by your surgeon. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly.

While you're making preparations, be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery, and to help you out for a few days if needed.

Eyelid surgery is can be performed under local anesthesia--which numbs the area around your eyes--along with oral or intravenous sedatives. You'll be awake during the surgery, but relaxed and insensitive to pain. (However, you may feel some tugging or occasional discomfort.) Some surgeons prefer to use general anesthesia; in that case, you'll sleep through the operation.

Blepharoplasty usually takes one to three hours, depending on the extent of the surgery.

In a typical procedure, the surgeon makes incisions following the natural lines of your eyelids; in the creases of your upper lids, and just below the lashes in the lower lids. The incisions may extend into the crow's feet or laugh lines at the outer corners of your eyes. Working through these incisions, the surgeon separates the skin from underlying fatty tissue and muscle, removes excess fat, and often trims sagging skin and muscle. The incisions are then closed with very fine sutures.

If you have a pocket of fat beneath your lower eyelids but don't need to have any skin removed, your surgeon may perform a transconjunctival blepharoplasty. In this procedure the incision is made inside your lower eyelid, leaving no visible scar. It is usually performed on younger patients with thicker, more elastic skin.

After surgery, the surgeon will probably lubricate your eyes with ointment and may apply a bandage. Your eyelids may feel tight and sore as the anesthesia wears off, but you can control any discomfort with the pain medication prescribed by your surgeon. If you feel any severe pain, call your surgeon immediately.

Your surgeon will instruct you to keep your head elevated for several days, and to use cold compresses to reduce swelling and bruising. (Bruising varies from person to person: it reaches its peak during the first week, and generally lasts anywhere from two weeks to a month.) You'll be shown how to clean your eyes, which may be gummy for a week or so. Many doctors recommend eye drops, since your eyelids may feel dry at first and your eyes may burn or itch. For the first few weeks you may also experience excessive tearing, sensitivity to light, and temporary changes in your eyesight, such as blurring or double vision.

Your surgeon will follow your progress very closely for the first week or two. The stitches will be removed two days to a week after surgery. Once they're out, the swelling and discoloration around your eyes will gradually subside, and you'll start to look and feel much better.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. The scar may be pink and slightly thickened. In the first few weeks after surgery, and more so in the lower eyelid. This may require make-up camouflage until it settles.
2. Bruising around the eyelids due to the nature of the operation. It may spread on to the white part of the eye where it lasts for longer than the normal week to 10 days.
3. The upper eyelid becoming slightly opened when asleep. This may persist for some weeks. The tissues at the front of the eye can dry out and cause a scar, which will reduce the quality of eyesight. Long term problems with tear formation or dry eye may result. This requires the use of artificial tears.
4. Ectropion, where the lower eyelid appears pulled-down too far. The skin below the lower eyelid may not be as smooth as desired.
5. Weakness of the lower lid, for up to two weeks. This usually settles without treatment, but if it doesn't settle, it may require further surgery.
6. Formation of small lumps in the lower eyelid. These generally disappear over a few months. During this time, there may be temporary corneal irritation and abrasions.
7. Blindness. This is an extremely remote and rare possibility.
8. Excessive tear formation and sensitivity to bright light for the first few days.
9. Blurring of vision, due to swelling and use of ointment in the eye.
10. Double vision, which lasts for a day or two after the operation. This usually recovers spontaneously and is a result of the bruising.
11. Wound infection, bruising and fluid collecting under the skin. This may require drainage of any tissue fluid that is infected or accumulated under the skin. This may delay the speed of wound healing and may cause disfigurement.
12. Increased risk in obese people of wound infection, chest infection, heart and lung complications and thrombosis.
13. Increased risk in smokers of wound and chest infections, heart and lung complications and thrombosis.

Botulinum Toxin injection is made from the Botulinum Toxin, a protein produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.

1. It is used for the purpose of improving the appearance of wrinkles.
2. Relieving muscle spasms

A small dose of the toxin is injected into the affected muscles blocking the release of a chemical that would otherwise signal the muscle to contract. The toxin thus paralyzes or weakens the injected muscle. The treatment usually begins to work within 24 to 48 hours, and can last up to four months.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the cosmetic use of Botulinum Toxin for the temporary relief of moderate to severe frown lines between the brow and recommends that the procedure be performed no more frequently than once every 3 months.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. Paralysis of a nearby muscle which could interfere with opening the eye(s)
2. Relieving muscle spasms
3. Headache, nausea and/or flu-like symptoms
4. Abnormal and/or lack of facial expression
5. Facial pain
6. Swelling, bruising, and/or redness at injection sight
7. Disorientation, double vision, and/or past pointing
8. Temporary asymmetrical appearance
9. Swallowing, speech and/or respiratory disorders
10. Inability to smile when injected in the lower face
11. Product ineffective

Breast augmentation, technically known as augmentation mammoplasty, is a surgical procedure to enhance the size and shape of a woman's breast.

It is performed for a variety of reasons:

1. To enhance the body contour of a woman who, for personal reasons, feels her breast size is too small.
2. To restore breast volume lost due to weight loss or following pregnancy
3. To achieve better symmetry when breasts are moderately disproportionate in size and shape
4. To improve the shape of breasts that are sagging or have lost firmness, often used with a breast lift procedure
5. To provide the foundation of a breast contour when a breast has been removed or disfigured by surgery to treat breast cancer
6. To improve breast appearance or create the appearance of a breast that is missing or disfigured due to trauma, heredity, or congenital abnormalities

(Please note that some alternative treatments may not be available or suitable to everyone.)

Augmentation mammoplasty is an elective surgical operation. Alternative treatment would consist of the use of external breast prostheses or padding. In patients who are having breast reconstruction after cancer surgery the transfer of other body tissues to enlarge breast size with or without implant may be a better alternative.

The best candidates for breast augmentation are women who are looking for improvement, not perfection, in the way they look. If a woman is physically healthy and realistic in expectations, she may be a good candidate.

The main components of breast implants include

1. the shell which is made of silicone
2. the filler inside the implant can be sealed silicone gel (Silicone implant) or be filled at the time of surgery with saline(Saline implant)
3. the silicone implant has a closed system but the saline implant has a valve.

The two most commonly used implants are the Silicone gel implants and Saline filled implants.

The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) announced November 17, 2006 the approval and availability of silicone gel-filled breast implants, ending a 14-year ban on the use of silicone implants for cosmetic breast surgery. Now all women over 22 years old seeking cosmetic breast augmentation and women seeking breast reconstruction surgery will be able to select silicone breast implants. The availability of silicone gel implants will create new options for women considering breast surgery for the first time and for those who have had previous surgeries but are seeking new replacements or revision.

Offering an alternative to silicone, manufacturers chose saline as implant filler. Saline implants also have a silicone outer shell (the same shell used in silicone gel-filled implants) and contain salt water.

Saline implants, which were officially approved by the FDA in 2000, have some advantages and disadvantages over silicone breast implants which were FDA-approved November 17, 2006:

All implants carry a risk of rupture. If a saline implant leaks or breaks inside a woman's body, the salt water is simply absorbed into her tissue.

Some patients may find that saline implants do not offer a natural look and feel and that silicone mimics this more effectively.

However, saline implants carry many of the same risks as silicone gel-filled implants, including capsular contracture, infection, pain, and nerve damage. Implants, whether filled with saline or silicone, are not a lifetime device and may need to be replaced.

Many surgeons and patients with breast implants have the opinion that silicone implants have a more natural look and feel than saline implants due to the fact that silicone gel has a texture similar to breast tissue.

Saline implants have some advantages over silicone implants. Silicone implant ruptures are harder to detect. When saline implants rupture, they deflate and the results are usually seen almost immediately. When silicone implants rupture, the breast often looks and feels the same because the silicone gel may leak into surrounding areas of the breast without a visible difference.

Your surgeon will after discussion suggest the best option for you. There is no real objective method for this and is a matter of aesthetics.

Your surgeon will give you instructions to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications. Aspirin and Vitamin E containing medications must be avoided at least 7days prior to your surgery. Specific instructions on this will be given by your surgeon.

While making preparations, be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery and to help you out for a few days, if needed.

Breast augmentation is performed under a general anesthesia, so you'll sleep through the entire operation. Discuss this with your surgeon and the anesthetist.

The method of inserting and positioning an implant depends on anatomy and your surgeon's recommendation. The incision can be made either in the crease where the breast meets the chest, around the areola (the dark skin surrounding the nipple), or in the armpit. In addition, a saline implant may be placed through an incision at the navel. Every effort will be made to assure that the incision is placed so resulting scars will be as inconspicuous as possible. Working through the incision, the surgeon lifts your breast tissue and skin to create a pocket, either directly behind the breast tissue (submammary or subglandular placement) or may be placed beneath the pectoral muscle and on top of the chest wall (submuscular placement). Once the implant is positioned within this pocket, the incisions are closed with sutures, skin adhesive and/or surgical tape. A gauze bandage may be applied over your breasts to help with healing. The surgery usually takes one to two hours to complete.

You're likely to feel tired and sore for a few days following your surgery, but you'll be up and around in 24 to 48 hours. Most of your discomfort can be controlled by medication prescribed by your doctor. Within several days, the gauze dressings, if you have them, will be removed. You will be asked to wear a support bra for comfort. You should wear it as directed by your surgeon. You may also experience a burning sensation in your nipples for about two weeks, but this will subside as bruising fades. Your stitches may be dissolving type or may have to be removed in a week to 10 days, but the swelling in your breasts may take three to five weeks to disappear.

You're likely to feel tired and sore for a few days following your surgery, but you'll be up and around in 24 to 48 hours. Most of your discomfort can be controlled by medication prescribed by your doctor. Within several days, the gauze dressings, if you have them, will be removed. You will be asked to wear a support bra for comfort. You should wear it as directed by your surgeon. You may also experience a burning sensation in your nipples for about two weeks, but this will subside as bruising fades. Your stitches may be dissolving type or may have to be removed in a week to 10 days, but the swelling in your breasts may take three to five weeks to disappear.

1. Aesthetic Improvement - Breast enhancement with breast implants improves the overall appearance of the figure by accentuating breast size and providing a more shapely body contour. Women with small breasts sometimes feel that their body lacks balance. Breast enlargement can improve the aesthetics of the figure by adding definition and curves to the body's profile for a more attractive appearance. Larger breasts also bring balance to womanly hips and help eliminate a pear-shaped look.
2. Increased Confidence - A woman who feels that her breast size does not meet societal and personal ideals can suffer feelings of inadequacy and loss of confidence. Women who undergo a breast enlargement procedure typically report increased self-esteem and confidence.

1. You develop a fever over 100ºF (37.8ºC).
2. You become dizzy or faint.
3. You have nausea and vomiting.
4. You become short of breath or have chest pain.
5. You develop a rash.
6. You have swelling, redness, or pain in your leg.

For many women, the result of breast augmentation can be satisfying, even exhilarating, as they learn to appreciate their fuller appearance. Even if you believe your implants are functioning well, it is important that you follow-up as directed with your plastic surgeon to assess the condition of your breast implants. In addition, whether you choose to have breast implants or not, it is essential to your health that you practice a monthly breast self-exam and schedule regular diagnostic breast screenings. Your decision to have breast augmentation is a highly personal one that not everyone will understand. The important thing is how you feel about it. If you've met your goals, then your surgery is a success.

You should be able to return to work within a few days, depending on the level of activity required for your job. Follow your surgeon's advice on when to begin exercises and normal activities. Your breasts will probably be sensitive to direct stimulation for two to three weeks, so you should avoid much physical contact. After that, breast contact is fine once your breasts are no longer sore, usually three to four weeks after surgery. Your scars will be firm and pink for at least six weeks. Then they may remain the same size for several months, or even appear to widen. After several months, your scars will begin to fade, although they will never disappear completely.

Routine mammograms should be continued after breast augmentation for women who are in the appropriate age group, although the mammographic technician should use a special technique to assure that you get a reliable reading, as discussed earlier.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. Capsular contracture occurs if the scar or capsule around the implant begins to tighten. This squeezing of the soft implant can cause the breast to feel hard. Capsular contracture can be treated in several ways, and sometimes requires either removal or "scoring" of the scar tissue, or perhaps removal or replacement of the implant.
2. As with any surgical procedure, excessive bleeding following the operation may cause some swelling and pain. If excessive bleeding continues, another operation may be needed to control the bleeding and remove the accumulated blood.
3. A small percentage of women develop an infection around an implant. This may occur at any time, but is most often seen within a week after surgery. In some cases, the implant may need to be removed for several months until the infection clears. A new implant can then be inserted.
4. Some women report that their nipples become oversensitive, under sensitive, or even numb. You may also notice small patches of numbness near your incisions. These symptoms usually disappear within time, but may be permanent in some patients.
5. Breast implants do not generally interfere with a woman's ability to breast feed, or present a health hazard during pregnancy to a woman or her baby. However, pregnancy and the associated changes to a woman's body may alter the results of any breast surgery, including surgery to place breast implants. Therefore, it is important to discuss the options of breast implant surgery with your plastic surgeon if you are interested in becoming pregnant and breast feeding in the future.
6. Occasionally, breast implants may break or leak. Rupture can occur as a result of injury or even from the normal compression and movement of your breast and implant, causing the man-made shell to leak.
1. If a saline-filled implant breaks, the implant will deflate in a few hours and the salt water will be absorbed and naturally expelled by the body.
2. If a silicone-gel filled implant leak or break, the elastic silicone gel may remain within the implant shell, or may escape into the breast implant pocket (a capsule of tissue that surrounds the implant). A leaking implant filled with silicone gel may not deflate and may not be noticeable except through imaging techniques such as an MRI. For this reason, a woman with silicone breast implants is advised to visit her plastic surgeon annually to assess that her implants are functioning well. An ultrasound exam or MRI screening can assess the condition of breast implants; after 3 years it is recommended that all silicone implants be properly screened.
7. Following the placement of breast implants mammography is technically more difficult. Obtaining the best possible results requires specialized techniques and additional views. You must be candid about your implants when undergoing any diagnostic breast exam. In many cases, an ultrasound exam or MRI may be recommended in addition to mammography.

Mastopexy is an operation to lift sagging breasts without changing their size.

Breast lift or Mastopexy is done to

1. Surgically relocate the breasts to a higher location on the chest wall
2. Remove the excess loose skin and thus tightens and reshapes the breast to make it firm and youthful looking.
3. Sometimes the areola (pigmented skin surrounding the nipple) becomes enlarged over time, and a breast lift procedure will reduce this as well.
4. A breast lift rejuvenates the female figure with a breast profile that is more youthful, uplifted and firm. This can dramatically improve the appearance of a woman's breasts.

In general, the best candidates for breast lift are:

1. Women 18 years of age or older
2. With stretched skin
3. With less breast volume than previous years
4. Not intending to lose a great deal of weight, get pregnant, or breastfeed
5. Not currently pregnant or breastfeeding
6. In good health
7. Wanting to improve their appearance
8. Realistic in their expectations

Depending on your age and family history, your surgeon may require you to have a mammogram (breast x-ray) before surgery. You'll also get specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications.

Aspirin and Vitamin E containing medications must be avoided at least 7days prior to your surgery. Specific instructions on this will be given by your surgeon. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly.

While you're making preparations, be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery and to help you out for a few days if needed.

Breast lifts are usually performed under general anesthesia, which means you'll sleep through the operation. In selected patients--particularly when a smaller incision is being made--the surgeon may use local anesthesia, combined with a sedative to make you drowsy. You'll be awake but relaxed, and will feel minimal discomfort.

Mastopexy usually takes one and a half to three and a half hours. Techniques vary, but the most common procedure involves an anchor-shaped incision following the natural contour of the breast.

The incision outlines the area from which breast skin will be removed and defines the new location for the nipple. When the excess skin has been removed, the nipple and areola are moved to the higher position. The skin surrounding the areola is then brought down and together to reshape the breast. Stitches are usually located around the areola, in a vertical line extending downwards from the nipple area, and along the lower crease of the breast.



Some patients, especially those with relatively small breasts and minimal sagging, may be candidates for modified procedures requiring less extensive incisions. One such procedure is the "doughnut (or concentric) mastopexy," in which circular incisions are made around the areola, and a doughnut-shaped area of skin is removed.

If you're having an implant inserted along with your breast lift, it will be placed in a pocket directly under the breast tissue, or deeper, under the muscle of the chest wall.

The breasts will be strapped in a firm compressive dressing, till the drains are removed and then you will be advised to wear a firm supportive bra continuously for 8 weeks. As the wounds are closed with absorbable sutures, stitch removal is not usually necessary. You will be allowed to go home either on the same day or whenever you feel comfortable.

After the operation, you will notice an immediate and dramatic change in the shape of your breasts. Most women are very pleased immediately after surgery. Some numbness is normal after surgery and may persist permanently, but almost all women feel that it is worth it. You must wear a bra for support for at least several weeks to a couple of months and also avoid an under wire bra as it may cause a blister on the delicate postoperative tissues.

A breast lift will not keep you firm forever. Your breasts will be more youthful and full than they would have been without the surgery. However, the effects of gravity, pregnancy, and weight changes will continue to affect your breasts over time.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive

1. Infection usually prevented and treated by antibiotics.
2. Hematoma collection of blood that may cause swelling, pain and bruising, perhaps requiring surgical
3. Delayed wound healing. This is very rare after a standard breast lift.
4. Temporary or permanent changes or loss of sensation in the nipple or breast tissue.
5. Unevenly positioned nipples
6. You may also notice slight size or shape differences between your breasts
7. Rarely heavy bleeding from the broken blood vessels can occur after the operation, which requires treatment in theatre under another anesthetic.
8. Occasionally, infection (usually from germs that are lying dormant in the ducts of the breast) can cause part of the wounds to break down which prolongs the healing period and worsens the quality of the final scars.

Breast reduction, called reduction mammoplasty, is a procedure in which a plastic surgeon removes breast tissue and skin to reshape and reduce the size of your breasts.

If you have backaches, neck aches, find it difficult to breathe, have stasis ulcers (irritation or necrosis of the skin due to pressure), notice grooves in your shoulders from your bra straps, have numbness of any portion of the breasts and upper chest from the excessive weight, are displeased aesthetically, or dislike the general size of the breasts for any reason -- breast reduction may be an option for you

The alternative to this operation would be to choose not to have treatment and accept your breasts as they are.

Breast reduction is usually performed for physical relief rather than simply cosmetic improvement. Most women who have the surgery are troubled by very large, sagging breasts that restrict their activities and cause them physical discomfort. In most cases, breast reduction isn't performed until a woman's breasts are fully developed; however, it can be done earlier if large breasts are causing serious physical discomfort. The best candidates are those who are mature enough to fully understand the procedure and have realistic expectations about the results. Breast reduction is not recommended for women who intend to breast-feed.

Not everyone may be a good candidate for reduction mammoplasty. If you have a history of irregular mammograms, undiagnosed lumps or other types of masses, severe obesity, diabetes, wound healing disorders, if you are lactating (or have recently ceased), if you smoke, have clotting disorders or a family history of such, have circulatory disorders or have unrealistic expectations -- you probably are not a good candidate for this surgery.

Your surgeon may require you to have a mammogram (breast x-ray) before surgery. You'll also get specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications. Some surgeons suggest that their patients diet before the operation. Breast reduction doesn't usually require a blood transfusion. However, if a large amount of breast tissue will be removed it may be required sometimes.

While you're making preparations, be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery and to help you out for a few days if needed.

Breast reduction is nearly always performed under general anesthesia. You'll be asleep through the entire operation.

Techniques for breast reduction vary and the surgeon will explain the specific techniques with the resulting scars.

The surgeon removes excess glandular tissue, fat, and skin, and moves the nipple and areola into their new position. He or she then brings the skin from both sides of the breast down and around the areola, shaping the new contour of the breast. Liposuction may sometimes be used to remove excess fat from the armpit area if required.

In most cases, the nipples remain attached to their blood vessels and nerves. However, if the breasts are very large or pendulous, the nipples and areolas may have to be completely removed and grafted into a higher position. (This will result in a loss of sensation in the nipple and areolar tissue.)

Stitches are usually located around the areola, in a vertical line extending downward, and along the lower crease of the breast. In some cases, techniques can be used that eliminate the vertical part of the scar. And occasionally, when only fat needs to be removed, liposuction alone can be used to reduce breast size, leaving minimal scars.

Not all bodies are alike and will have varying degrees of asymmetry, and different amounts of breast tissue and breast fat. In order to receive the best results, a surgeon will tailor the lift to meet your needs as an individual. The common techniques are:

1. Inferior pedicle anchor shaped technique

2. Vertical scar Mammaplasty with superior or superomedial pedicle.

After surgery, you'll be wrapped in an elastic bandage or a surgical bra over gauze dressings. A small tube may be placed in each breast to drain off blood and fluids for the first day or two. You may feel some pain for the first couple of days-especially when you move around or cough-and some discomfort for a week or more. Your surgeon will prescribe medication to lessen the pain.

The bandages will be removed a day or two after surgery, though you'll continue wearing the surgical bra around the clock for several weeks, until the swelling and bruising subside. Your stitches will be removed in one to three weeks. If your breast skin is very dry following surgery, you can apply a moisturizer several times a day, but be sure to keep the suture area dry.

Your first menstruation following surgery may cause your breasts to swell and hurt. You may also experience random, shooting pains for a few months. You can expect some loss of feeling in your nipples and breast skin, caused by the swelling after surgery. This usually fades over the next six weeks or so. In some patients, however, it may last a year or more, and occasionally it may be permanent.

Your breasts will be smaller and less likely to strain your back, neck, or shoulders. You may be happier about your appearance.

Although much of the swelling and bruising will disappear in the first few weeks, it may be six months to a year before your breasts settle into their new shape. Even then, their shape may fluctuate in response to your hormonal shifts, weight changes, and pregnancy. Your surgeon will make every effort to make your scars as inconspicuous as possible. Still, it's important to remember that breast reduction scars are extensive and permanent. They often remain lumpy and red for months, and then gradually become less obvious, sometimes eventually fading to thin white lines. Fortunately, the scars can usually be placed so that you can wear even low-cut tops.

Of all plastic surgery procedures, breast reduction results in the quickest body-image changes. You'll be rid of the physical discomfort of large breasts, your body will look better proportioned, and clothes will fit you better.

Although you may be up and about in a day or two, your breasts may still ache occasionally for a couple of weeks. You should avoid lifting or pushing anything heavy for three or four weeks. Your surgeon will give you detailed instructions for resuming your normal activities. Most women can return to work (if it's not too strenuous) and social activities in about two weeks. But you'll have much less stamina for several weeks, and should limit your exercises to stretching, bending, and swimming until your energy level returns. You'll also need a good athletic bra for support.

You may be instructed to avoid sex for a week or more, since sexual arousal can cause your incisions to swell, and to avoid anything but gentle contact with your breasts for about six weeks. A small amount of fluid draining from your surgical wound, or some crusting, is normal.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. A small degree of difference between breasts may occur.
2. There will be significant and obvious scars in the early months after the surgery, which will reduce with time.
3. Occasionally scars may become very thickened, red and painful. These can be disfiguring.
4. Sensation of the nipple may be affected. This can range from being complete loss through to mild reduction in sensation.
5. Breakdown in the wound edges, particularly near the junctions of the up/down and crosswise scars. This is treated with regular dressings until healed.
6. There will be swelling and the healing of the wound may be slow. It may spoil the intended result of the surgery.
7. Infection. The wound becomes red and/or painful after discharge. This can lead to delay or complete failure of the healing process. This may need treatment with antibiotics and further surgery to drain the infection. This may have an adverse outcome on the results of the surgery.
8. Bleeding, causing collection of blood under the skin and breast tissue. This may need further surgery. There will be swelling and healing of the wound may be slow. It may spoil the intended result of the surgery.
9. Some of the breast or the nipple tissue may die due to poor circulation, more likely in patients with very large breasts and patients with very poor circulation. The size and shape may be altered in order to maintain an adequate circulation.
10. Inability to breastfeed due to re-positioning of the nipples.
11. Increased risk in obese people of wound infection, chest infection, heart and lung complications, and thrombosis.
12. Increased risk in smokers of wound and chest infections, heart and lung complications and thrombosis.

A face lift, or rhytidectomy, is a surgical procedure used to reduce facial wrinkles, eliminate telltale signs of aging, and improve the overall appearance of the face and jaw area.

The best candidate for a facelift is a man or woman whose face and neck have begun to sag, but whose skin still has some elasticity and whose bone structure is strong and well-defined. Most patients are in their forties to sixties, but facelifts can be done successfully on people in their seventies or eighties as well.
A facelift can make you look younger and fresher, and it may enhance your self- confidence in the process. But it can't give you a totally different look, nor can it restore the health and vitality of your youth. Before you decide to have surgery, think carefully about your expectations and discuss them with your surgeon.

During the consultation, you and your surgeon will discuss the changes that you would like to make in your appearance. He/she will explain the different options available to you, the procedure itself, and its risks and limitations. He/she will also explain the kind of anesthesia required, surgical facility, and costs.

Your surgeon will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly. If you smoke, it's especially important to stop at least a week or two before and after surgery; smoking inhibits blood flow to the skin, and can interfere with the healing of your incision areas.

If your hair is very short, you might want to let it grow out before surgery, so that it's long enough to hide the scars while they heal.

Aspirin and Vitamin E containing medications must be avoided at least 7days prior to your surgery. Specific instructions on this will be given by your surgeon. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly.

Whether your facelift is being done on an outpatient or inpatient basis, you should arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery, and to help you out for a day or two if needed.

Facelift is usually performed under general anesthesia and you will sleep through the procedure feeling no pain. Some surgeons may perform under local anesthesia with sedation.

The incision for your facelift usually begins in the hair near the temple and continues in front of the ear, around the ear lobe, behind the ear and into the hair. The muscles and sagging tissue are tightened, excess skin is removed, and the remaining skin is repositioned to create a more youthful look. The surgeon will close the incision with stitches, or with metal clips on the scalp. If the neck needs lifting, a small incision may be made under the chin.

There isn't usually significant discomfort after surgery; if there is, it can be lessened with the pain medication prescribed by your surgeon. (Severe or persistent pain or a sudden swelling of your face should be reported to your surgeon immediately.) Some numbness of the skin is quite normal; it will disappear in a few weeks or months.

Your doctor may tell you to keep your head elevated and as still as possible for a couple of days after surgery, to keep the swelling down.

If you've had a drainage tube inserted, it will be removed one or two days after surgery. Bandages, when used, are usually removed after one to five days.

Most of your stitches will be removed after about five days. Your scalp may take longer to heal, and the stitches or metal clips in your hairline could be left in a few days longer.

While a facelift cannot stop the aging process, it can often make a person appear to many years younger than their actual age.

Patients can expect a more rested and often youthful appearance. Although a face lift can last for many years, patients continue to age. Therefore, it is impossible to predict how long it might be before an individual would consider a second lift. Some believe that a facelift also helps prevent the skin from sagging again by holding it tighter to the face. The results of a facelift are different for each person. The people who look best after a facelift are those who looked the best before the procedure. Some people have one facelift in a lifetime, while others have a second surgery 7 - 15 years later.

(Please note that some alternative treatments may not be available or suitable to everyone.)

They include the contour thread lift, lasers and natural products that firm and tone the skin. A one-on-one consultation with your surgeon will also help determine whether one of these substitutes for face lift can help you achieve the look you desire, or if surgery is necessary.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. The scar in the hairline may become visible with parting of the hair. The scar behind the ear may be the most noticeable. The scars may become thickened, red and itchy. Small hairless areas can sometimes be found adjacent to the scar but these can usually be hidden with the hair.
2. Infection. This is treated with intravenous antibiotics and further drainage procedures. Further surgery may also be required.
3. Numbness around the cheeks and sometimes the ears which is usually temporary, six to twelve months
4. Damage to the facial nerve. This results in weakness of the facial muscles. This is usually temporary, about six months.
5. Bleeding, which can cause a collection of blood under the skin. This may be severe and may cause loss of some of the skin on the face. Further surgery may be needed to drain this and remove the clot as it forms.
6. Bruising and swelling, which may cause a blood clot which may need to be surgically removed.
7. Increased risk in obese people of wound infection, chest infection, heart and lung complications and thrombosis.
8. Increased risk in smokers of wound and chest infections, heart and lung complications and thrombosis.

Liposuction is the removal of unwanted body fat by suction, using a surgical vacuum.

Liposuction is a cosmetic procedure and is carried out to improve a person's appearance rather than their health. It is usually performed with the objective of slimming and smoothing the contours of your body.

It is not recommended as a tool for weight reduction. It is not an effective method for removing cellulite, commonly known as the orange-peel effect. Liposuction does not change the structure of the skin, so can't get rid of cellulite.

Liposuction may be performed on the abdomen, hips, thighs, calves, arms, buttocks, back, neck, or face. A liposuction procedure may include more than one site, for instance, the abdomen, back, and thighs all on the same day.

Liposuction is also used to reduce breast size in men with large breasts (gynecomastia) or to remove fat tumors (lipomas) but it is most commonly used for cosmetic body shaping.

There are several types of liposuction procedures available, all of which use a wand-like instrument with or without power assistance called a cannula to remove unwanted fat. Most plastic surgeons will use tumescent technique of liposuction as it has been shown to increase safety and reduce blood loss. The surgeon shall discuss the specific techniques with you. The procedure can be performed under local or general anaesthesia depending on areas, surgeons preference and patients medical conditions and preferences.

Your surgeon will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, and taking or avoiding vitamins, iron tablets and certain medications. If you develop a cold or an infection of any kind, especially a skin infection, your surgery may have to be postponed.

Aspirin and Vitamin E containing medications must be avoided at least 7days prior to your surgery. Specific instructions on this will be given by your surgeon. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly.

Though it is rarely necessary, your doctor may recommend that you have blood drawn ahead of time in case it is needed during surgery.

Also, while you are making preparations, be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure and, if needed, to help you at home for a day or two.

Various types of anesthesia can be used for liposuction procedures. Together, you and your surgeon will select the type of anesthesia ( local, regional or general) that provides the most safe and effective level of comfort for your surgery.

The time required to perform liposuction may vary considerably, depending on the size of the area, the amount of fat being removed, the type of anesthesia and the technique used.

Liposuction is a procedure in which localized deposits of fat are removed to recontour one or more areas of the body. Through a tiny incision, a narrow tube or cannula is inserted and used to vacuum the fat layer that lies deep beneath the skin. The cannula is pushed then pulled through the fat layer, emulsifying the fat cells and suctioning them out. The suction action is provided by a vacuum pump or a large syringe, depending on the surgeon's preference. If many sites are being treated, your surgeon will then move on to the next area, working to keep the incisions as inconspicuous as possible.

Fluid is lost along with the fat, and it's crucial that this fluid be replaced during the procedure to prevent shock. For this reason, patients need to be carefully monitored and receive intravenous fluids during and immediately after surgery.

After surgery, you will likely experience some fluid drainage from the incisions. To control swelling and to help your skin better fit its new contours, you may be fitted with a snug elastic garment to wear over the treated area for a few weeks. Your doctor may also prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection.



Healing is a gradual process. Your surgeon will probably tell you to start walking around as soon as possible to reduce swelling and to help prevent blood clots from forming in your legs. You will begin to feel better after about a week or two and you should be back at work within a few days following your surgery. The stitches are removed or dissolve on their own within the first week to 10 days.

You will see a noticeable difference in the shape of your body quite soon after surgery. However, improvement will become even more apparent after about four to six weeks, when most of the swelling has subsided. After about three months, any persistent mild swelling usually disappears and the final contour will be visible.

You will see a noticeable difference in the shape of your body quite soon after surgery. However, improvement will become even more apparent after about four to six weeks, when most of the swelling has subsided. After about three months, any persistent mild swelling usually disappears and the final contour will be visible.

If your expectations are realistic, you will probably be very pleased with the results of your surgery. You may find that you are more comfortable in a wide variety of clothes and more at ease with your body. And, by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise, you can help to maintain your new shape.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive

1. Too much or too little fat may be removed, which may result in contour defects such as rippling or dimpling. This is worse in people over 35 years and/ or overweight. This may require a second operation.
2. Numbness, which usually disappears after some months.
3. Bruising is characterized by skin discoloration, blue and black areas and texture irregularity. This can last for up to three weeks and longer in many cases. In some cases lumpy areas may last longer and may be improved by massage.
4. Infection. This may produce altered cosmetic results or delay healing of the wound.
5. A collection of blood or a watery fluid in the operation site, which may produce the worst cosmetic result and may delay wound healing. A second operation may be necessary to remove the blood or serum.
6. Skin loss is a very rare occurrence.
7. Swelling when the knees and inner thighs are treated and particularly ankle which may last longer than a week
8. Excess skin following the procedure. This may need surgical removal for a good cosmetic result.
9. When a lengthy procedure is performed on multiple extensive areas, a blood transfusion may exceptionally be required.
10. Increased risk in smokers of wound and chest infections, heart and lung complications and thrombosis.
11. Increased risk in obese people of wound infection, chest infection, heart and lung complications and thrombosis
12. Rare cases of internal organ punctures and mortality have been reported in the literature.

Rhinoplasty is surgery to reshape the nose. It is one of the most common of all plastic surgery procedures.

Your surgeon will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, including guidelines on eating and drinking, smoking, taking or avoiding certain vitamins and medications, and washing your face.

Aspirin and Vitamin E containing medications must be avoided at least 7days prior to your surgery. Specific instructions on this will be given by your surgeon. Carefully following these instructions will help your surgery go more smoothly.

While you're making preparations, be sure to arrange for someone to drive you home after your surgery and to help you out for a few days if needed.

Rhinoplasty can be performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the extent of the procedure and on what you and your surgeon prefer.

With local anesthesia, you'll usually be lightly sedated, and your nose and the surrounding area will be numbed; you'll be awake during the surgery, but relaxed and insensitive to pain. With general anesthesia, you'll sleep through the operation.

Rhinoplasty surgery can be performed entirely from within the nose using hidden incisions internally (closed rhinoplasty). However a small external incision across the bridge of skin that runs between the nostrils is sometimes necessary to allow fuller exposure of the underlying nasal skeleton (open or external rhinoplasty).

This procedure is favored in cases where the anatomy is complex and difficult to define in a closed approach, where the nose is severely twisted or in cases of revision rhinoplasty where increased access is advantageous.

The use of an open approach has become increasingly popular in recent years. The incision does lead to some numbness of the tip of the nose which is usually transient and perhaps slightly greater swelling of the tip postoperatively. Your surgeon should discuss his/her preferences with the reasons why a particular approach is used.

There is not a universal type of rhinoplasty that will meet the needs of every patient. Rhinoplasty surgery is customized for each patient, depending on his or her needs. Incisions may be made within the nose or concealed in inconspicuous locations of the nose in the open rhinoplasty procedure. Internal nasal surgery to improve nasal breathing can be performed at the time of rhinoplasty.

After the rhinoplasty, the cuts inside or between your nostrils will be closed up with dissolvable stitches. Your nose may be filled with surgical packing to help control any bleeding. You may also have a nasal splint or plaster which may be kept for a week to 10days.

After surgery-particularly during the first twenty-four hours-your face will feel puffy, your nose may ache, and you may have a dull headache. You can control any discomfort with the pain medication prescribed by your surgeon. Plan on staying in bed with your head elevated (except for going to the bathroom) for the first day.

You'll notice that the swelling and bruising around your eyes will increase at first, reaching a peak after two or three days. Applying cold compresses will reduce this swelling and make you feel a bit better. In any case, you'll feel a lot better than you look. Most of the swelling and bruising should disappear within two weeks or so. (Some subtle swelling-unnoticeable to anyone but you and your surgeon-will remain for several months.)

A little bleeding is common during the first few days following surgery, and you may continue to feel some stuffiness for several weeks. Your surgeon will probably ask you not to blow your nose for a week or so, while the tissues heal.

If you have nasal packing, it will be removed after a few days and you'll feel much more comfortable. By the end of one or, occasionally, two weeks, all dressings, splints, and stitches should be removed.

Rhinoplasty aims at a nose that not only looks natural but blends harmoniously with your other facial features as well. Because of the gradual healing process you should expect to wait up to one year to see the final results of your surgery.

You might experience some unexpected reactions from family and friends. They may say they don't see a major difference in your nose. If that happens, try to keep in mind why you decided to have this surgery in the first place. If you've

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. Chest infection (particularly if you smoke).
2. Heavy nose bleeding either shortly after the operation, or after a week to 10 days which may require treatment in hospital.
3. Infection of the nose.
4. Temporary loss or reduction in sensitivity to smell after the operation, which can become permanent, although this is rare.
5. Changes in the shape of the nose as scar tissue matures which may require going back to hospital for minor adjustments at a later date.
6. A manufactured implant can occasionally push through the skin of the nose or its lining and need to be removed (after an augmentation rhinoplasty). This can happen months or years later, and is more likely if a large implant has been used or if the nose is accidentally injured.

Hyalouronic acid based is a sterile gel consisting of nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid for injection into the skin to correct facial lines, wrinkles and folds. There are newer generation hyalouronic acid based based products which are cross linked and last for a longer duration. (Your doctor will explain the specific products and their pros and cons)

Hyalouronic acid based fillers are used for augmentation of the lips, reducing the wrinkles on the face, contouring of the mouth and the cheeks, reducing lines which appear by the mouth and reducing lines under the eyes and around them and the nose.

The doctor may first select one or more injection points for each location to be treated. Antiseptic is also applied.
The doctor will then identify the correct amount of Hyalouronic acid based filler to be used.
The Hyalouronic acid based filler is then injected beneath the skin. Hyaluronic acid in the filler adheres to the skin as the water contained in the acid helps to retain volume under the skin's surface. The acid acts as a magnet for water, which helps to preserve the renewed volume of the skin.

A local or a topical anesthetic may be used to numb the site of the injections for you depending on your preference. You will experience moderately to mild tingling, burning or stinging sensations in the sites as the injection is being administered, this is quite normal.

Results are fully evident within one week. Swelling may be pronounced, lasting for two or three days. Normal activities can be resumed immediately, though patients are advised to stay out of the sun. Hyalouronic acid based is a temporary solution and follow-up treatments may be needed.

Hyalouronic acid based advantages are that you won't need testing ahead of time for allergies to this product, it is synthetic, it has a record of safety that has been proven, it is only temporary though but can last from six months to a complete year, it all depends on the person, variety used and their body and it is also biodegradable.

(Please note that some alternative treatments may not be available or suitable to everyone.)

There may be alternative treatment options, depending on your condition. Other minimally invasive procedures include Botox and fat fillers. For severe signs of aging, surgical procedures may be more appropriate, such as a facelift, forehead lift, and eyelid surgery. Your doctor may recommend additional treatments in conjunction with Hyalouronic acid based filler, such as chemical peel, laser skin resurfacing etc.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. Allergies are less common with Hyalouronic acid based than with animal products, but can still occur in rare cases.
2. The most common side effect is bruising, which is seen in roughly 20 percent of all patients.
3. Some patients may also experience swelling at the site of the injection; this usually subsides within a few days.
4. Pain, redness, itching, discoloration and tenderness at the point of injection are also common side effects that occur after a Hyalouronic acid based filler treatment. These effects usually subside within a day or two.
5. Roughly one in 2,000 patients suffer more severe reactions, such as extreme tenderness, long-lasting redness and acne-like skin formations. These side effects can last for only a few days after injection up to as long as four weeks after treatment.
6. Hypersensitive skin is usually to blame for more serious reactions to Hyalouronic acid based.

A skin graft is a patch of skin that is surgically removed from one area of the body and transplanted to another area

The tissue for grafting and the recipient site must be as sterile as possible to prevent later infection that could result in failure of the graft.

While you are awake but sedated, or deeply asleep and pain-free (local anesthesia or general anesthesia), healthy skin is taken from elsewhere on a pre-determined site on your body.

The donor site can be any area of the body -- usually an area that is hidden by clothes, such as the buttock or inner thigh. The selection will consider the visibility of the donor skin and color match. The graft is carefully spread on the bare area to be covered. It is held in place either by gentle pressure from a well-padded dressing or by a few small stitches. The raw donor area is covered with a sterile dressing for 10-14 days to protect it from infection.

Once a skin graft has been put in place, even after it has healed, it must be maintained carefully. If you have grafts on your legs, then you may have to remain in bed for seven to 10 days, with your legs elevated. Your surgeon will give you specific advice. For several months, you should support the graft with a crepe bandage or stocking. Grafts in other areas of the body should be similarly supported after healing to decrease the amount of contracture.

Grafted skin does not contain sweat or oil glands, and should be lubricated daily for two to three months with a bland oil (e.g., mineral oil) to prevent drying and cracking.

A skin graft provides significant improvement in the quality of the wound site, and also prevents the serious complications associated with burns or non-healing wounds.

New blood vessels begin growing from the recipient area into the transplanted skin within 36 hours. Most skin grafts are successful, but in some cases they don't heal well and need another graft. The graft should be checked for good blood flow (circulation).

The recovery from surgery is usually quick after split-thickness skin grafting, except in cases of major burns. The skin graft must be protected from trauma or major stretching for 2-3 weeks. Depending on the location of the graft, you may need to wear a dressing for 1-2 weeks. Avoid exercise that might stretch or injure the graft for 3-4 weeks. Some people need physical therapy after skin grafting.

Full-thickness grafts need a longer period of recovery. Most people with these grafts need to stay in the hospital for 1-2 weeks.

These have been mentioned in the "Anesthesia Consent Form." Please discuss this with your Anesthetist before signing the Anesthesia Consent Form.

While majority of patients have an uneventful surgery and recovery, few cases may be associated with complications. These are seen infrequently and not all the ones listed below are applicable to one individual. However it is important that you are aware of the complications/risks that may arise out of this procedure which are as below:

Note: The listed risks and complications are not all inclusive.

1. Blood loss may be considerable during and after the procedure. This may mean fluid replacement via a needle into the vein or a blood transfusion.
2. Removal of the burnt tissue may cause infection to get into the blood stream. This can cause serious toxic effects.
3. If the burn needs a skin graft:
1. the graft may not take;
2. the graft may not look like normal tissue for some time;
3. the color of the graft may be different from other parts of the skin.
4. The donor site of the graft:
1. May discharge fluid into the dressings and will be painful for some time. This fluid may need to be drained away.
2. may be slow to heal;
3. Final healed area may be thickened or discolored or painful.
5. With or without grafting, the burn areas may heal with thickening of the tissues. Sometimes this may cause contraction of the tissues, with difficulty in movement of the burnt area.

First, the area to be reshaped is filled with a special saline solution that helps numb the site and shrink the blood vessels (to minimise blood loss and reduce bruising). This solution wets and fills the area to be treated, making it easier to break up fatty tissue with the VASER System's ultrasound energy. Then a small probe transmits sound energy (similar to that used for cataract removal from the eye) to fragment fatty tissue on contact while leaving other important tissues largely intact. Finally, the liquified fat is removed through a gentle suction process designed to minimise damage to surrounding tissues. The liquified fat is removed through a gentle suction process designed to minimise damage to surrounding tissues.

If you are frustrated by the resistance of certain body areas to diet and exercise, VASER LipoSelection can provide a solution. If you are healthy and seeking a fast, low-pain solution for losing stubborn fat deposits, the LipoSelection procedure could be your answer. Patients who say they would have never considered liposuction are now finding that the LipoSelection procedure is a minimally invasive option for the achievement of their body reshaping goals. Although there are limits to the amount of fat that can be removed, your doctor can assist you with your decision about potential areas for contouring, anticipated results and the recovery process.