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Causes of Blood in Urine

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Blood in Urine: 10 Serious Underlying Causes and Warning Signs

By Dr. Vikram Shah Batra in Urology , Kidney Transplant , Uro-Oncology

Jun 04 , 2025 | 3 min read

Seeing blood in your urine can be alarming. Whether it appears pink, red, or dark brown, it's a sign you should never ignore. This condition is known as hematuria and can be caused by various underlying problems—some minor, others more serious. While some people may experience other symptoms like pain or frequent urination, many don't feel anything at all.

Blood in urine can be linked to infections, stones, or even kidney and bladder conditions. It may sometimes be the first warning sign of a hidden health concern, so it's important to identify the cause early.

Below are 10 possible reasons for blood in urine.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs are common and occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract. They can cause inflammation and bleeding, leading to blood in the urine. Other signs include burning during urination, cloudy urine, and the urge to urinate often.

Kidney or Bladder Stones

When minerals in the urine clump together, they can form stones. As these stones move through the urinary tract, they may cause pain and bleeding. Blood in the urine might be your only warning sign, even without pain.

Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)

In older men, an enlarged prostate can press on the urethra, affecting urine flow and causing bleeding. This condition is common with age and is usually managed with medication or other treatments.

Kidney Diseases

Certain kidney conditions, such as glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney's filters), can cause blood to leak into urine. It's often detected during routine tests, even before symptoms appear. Early treatment can help prevent further damage.

Cancer

Blood in urine may be an early symptom of bladder, kidney, or prostate cancer. In many cases, it's painless and appears without any other warning signs. Regular check-ups are key to early detection and better treatment outcomes.

Vigorous Exercise

Strenuous workouts, especially long-distance running or heavy lifting, can sometimes cause blood to appear in urine. This is called exercise-induced hematuria and usually goes away with rest. If it continues, consult a doctor to rule out other issues.

Inherited Disorders

Genetic conditions like sickle cell disease or Alport syndrome can affect kidney function and lead to hematuria. These disorders may also be linked to hearing loss or high blood pressure. Regular monitoring is important for managing these conditions.

Medications

Some medications—especially blood thinners like aspirin, warfarin, or certain antibiotics—can cause bleeding in the urinary tract. Always inform your doctor if you notice blood in your urine while taking medication.

Trauma or Injury

A direct hit to the back, abdomen, or groin can damage the kidneys or bladder and cause internal bleeding. This might happen from accidents, falls, or even surgery. Sometimes, you won't feel pain, but hematuria may be a sign something's wrong.

Radiation or Chemotherapy Side Effects

Cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or certain chemotherapy drugs can irritate the bladder, leading to hemorrhagic cystitis. This causes bleeding and discomfort during urination. If you're undergoing cancer treatment and see blood in your urine, inform your doctor immediately.

Conclusion

Blood in your urine is never something to overlook. While the cause may be harmless in some cases, it can also point to serious health issues that require timely diagnosis. Don't ignore this warning sign—even if it happens just once. Talk to a doctor, undergo the necessary tests, and get the right treatment early. Your kidneys and urinary system are vital to your overall health—protect them with proper care.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can blood in urine be caused by stress?

Stress alone doesn't usually cause blood in urine. However, it can worsen existing bladder conditions that may lead to hematuria.

Is blood in urine always visible?

No, sometimes, the blood is microscopic and only detected during lab tests. Regular health screenings help catch it early.

Does blood in urine mean kidney failure?

Not always. While blood in urine can be a symptom of kidney issues, it doesn't automatically mean kidney failure. Diagnosis is key.

Can dehydration cause blood in urine?

Yes, severe dehydration can concentrate urine and irritate the urinary tract, which may result in visible or microscopic blood.

Should I go to the ER if I see blood in my urine?

If the bleeding is heavy, lasts more than a day, or is accompanied by pain or other symptoms, visit the emergency room immediately.