Cervical cancer & its prevention by vaccination
By Dr. Anuradha Kapur in Obstetrics And Gynaecology
Mar 16 , 2015 | 1 min read
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PERSISTENCE OF INFECTION IS DUE TO
- Young age at sexual initiation i.e. less than 25 years.
- Multiple sexual partners.
- Increased number of childbirths.
- Not using condoms.
- Genetic factors.
- Smoking.
- Oral contraceptive use.
- Lack of circumcision of partner.
SCREENING FOR CERVICAL CANCER
- Start pap smears for screening of cervical cancer at the age of 21 and continue every 3 years till age 30.
- Women above 30 should get screened every five years with Pap test plus HPV DNA test.
- If you have risk factors such as multiple sex partners, a weak immune system, are a smoker, a history of DES Exposure In Utero or HIV infection, you should continue to have a pap test every year.
- Routine screening can discontinue if:
- You reach age 65 and 3 Pap results have been normal in the past 10 years and you are not in the high risk group for cervical cancer.
- If you have had a hysterectomy for benign (non-cancer) reasons.
Check out Cervical Cancer Treatment Here
VACCINES TO PREVENT HPV INFECTION
- Two Vaccines are available:
- Quadravalent Vaccine (GARDASIL) -intramuscular in upper arm.
- Bivalent Vaccine Cervarix -intramuscular deltoid in upper arm.
- Since it is a prophylactic vaccine, it should be given before sexual debut. It cannot treat existing HPV infection or disease thereof.
- It is recommended between 9 to 12 years of age.
- Catch-up vaccination can be given to females between 13 & 26 years who have not been previously vaccinated or who have not completed the full course.
- It is important to remember that screening with pap smear has to continue even in vaccinated women.
- Also, women who were sexually active before vaccination could already be infected, hence a pap screening is helpful.

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