World COPD Day 2024: Because Breathing is Imperative to Life

Lungs work tirelessly day in and day out, providing us with oxygen without which life as we know it cannot exist. Unfortunately, due to a variety of factors, primarily increasing air pollution and poor lifestyle choices, the cases of lung disorders are rising by the day, with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) emerging as an increasingly-pressing concern. World COPD Day was initiated to address this concern. 

What is World COPD Day?

Organised by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), World COPD Day is observed every year, on the third Wednesday of November (20th-Nov-2024). It is a global healthcare event that aims to increase awareness about COPD, including its impact on people’s lives, importance of early detection, and prevention, and management of this life-altering disorder. The initiative receives participation from healthcare professionals, policymakers, and organisations from around the world, who come together to educate people about COPD and respiratory health, encourage healthy lifestyle choices, and facilitate quality care for those living with this condition.

Theme for World COPD Day 2024

The theme for World COPD Day 2024 is "Know Your Lung Function,” which highlights the importance of spirometry, a simple test that measures lung function. Spirometry not only helps in diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but also serves as an important health marker throughout life. Monitoring lung health is crucial for early diagnosis and timely treatment. 

What is COPD?

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common lung condition that causes restricted airflow and breathing problems. It occurs when the airways in the lungs become inflamed or damaged, often due to smoking or breathing polluted air over time. People with COPD often experience persistent coughing, excessive mucus production, and may feel breathless even when performing simple tasks. Although there is no cure for COPD, treatments and lifestyle changes can help patients breathe easier and improve their quality of life. COPD is classified into two main types: 

1. Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is caused by long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes that carry air to the lungs. The inflammation leads to excess mucus production, causing a persistent cough while making it harder to breathe. People with chronic bronchitis often have a "wet" cough and are vulnerable to frequent lung infections.

2. Emphysema

Emphysema is a condition in which the tiny air sacs (called “alveoli”) in the lungs, which are responsible for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, get damaged. This condition reduces the lungs' ability to absorb oxygen, leading to breathlessness, especially during physical activities. In advanced cases, people with emphysema may experience difficulty in breathing, even while at rest.

It is important to note that many people with COPD have a mix of both chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 

What are the Causes of COPD?

• Smoking: Smoking is one of the leading causes of COPD, as long term exposure to tobacco smoke can irritate and damage lungs.
• Air Pollution: Long-term exposure to polluted air, industrial fumes, dust, and chemical vapours can contribute to COPD, especially in areas with poor air quality index.
• Occupational Hazards: Long-term exposure to dust, chemicals, and fumes in workplaces, such as mines, factories, and farms can increase the risk of COPD.
• Respiratory Infections: Severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia in childhood may increase the risk of COPD later in life.
• Age and Genetics: Although not direct causes, age and genetic factors can also influence a person’s susceptibility to lung damage, making older adults and those with genetic predisposition more vulnerable to COPD.

What are the Symptoms of COPD?

• Shortness of Breath 
• Wheezing or a Chronic Cough 
• Excess Mucus Production
• Wheezing 
• Chest Tightness
• Fatigue 
• Frequent Respiratory Infections
• Trouble with mental alertness 
• Fast heartbeat
• Swelling in the feet and ankles 
• Weight loss
• Cyanosis (a bluish tint on lips or fingernails in advanced stages)

How to Prevent COPD?

Knowing the preventive measures of COPD can significantly help prevent the illness. Here are some key points to keep in mind for COPD prevention:

• Quit smoking 
• Avoid second hand smoke 
• Limit exposure to air pollution
• Use face masks, especially in workplaces with dust, fumes, and harmful chemicals
• Use air purifiers in indoor spaces 
• Stay physically active and exercise regularly
• Eat a healthy diet

Things to Know About COPD

Impact on Quality of Life

COPD can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. As the illness progresses, even day-to-day activities such as walking or carrying groceries can become exhausting. Also, chronic coughing and mucus production can interfere with sleep and social interactions. The disease may also impact emotional wellbeing, as people dealing with COPD may experience feelings of isolation, depression, and anxiety, especially if they are unable to manage their symptoms. 

Role of Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a supervised medical program designed to help people with lung diseases improve their respiratory function, playing an important role in the management of COPD. The programme includes exercises to strengthen muscles, and breathing techniques to help control shortness of breath. Additionally, patients learn how to manage symptoms, improve diet, and avoid triggers.

Lack of Awareness

Despite the increasing prevalence of COPD, a lot of people are still unaware about its finer aspects. Many people even mistakenly attribute symptoms such as coughing or breathlessness to ageing or other conditions, unaware that these could be signs of COPD. In addition, many people think that COPD can develop in only those individuals who smoke, which couldn’t be further from reality. While smoking does increase the risk, even non-smokers can develop COPD. 

Underdiagnosis 

Underdiagnosis is a common issue among COPD patients, as many people with the disease don’t realise they have it until it has progressed significantly. Also, because some of the symptoms are often mistaken for signs of ageing or other respiratory issues. That’s why it is important to get regular checkups to identify the problem at an early stage. Early diagnosis allows timely interventions to help manage symptoms and prevent further lung damage. It also reduces the risk of complications, such as respiratory infections and heart problems.

When to See a Doctor?

One should see a doctor if the symptoms are persistent, especially when the symptoms are getting worse over time. In addition, those who have a history of smoking, exposure to lung irritants, or frequent respiratory infection, should seek medical advice as early as possible. 

Conclusion

COPD is a serious condition that can greatly affect one's quality of life, but with early detection, right treatment, and lifestyle changes, those affected by it can manage symptoms and improve their overall quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms such as breathlessness, chronic coughing, or fatigue, consult a specialist at Max Hospitals, to get a comprehensive assessment and expert care. Our team of pulmonologists is dedicated to helping you take control of your lung health, offering personalised treatment plans that help you breathe easier and live better.