Early Pregnancy Symptoms and Body Changes: What to Expect in Each Trimester

Pregnancy is a journey like no other, filled with excitement, anticipation, and plenty of surprises. From the moment you find out you’re expecting, your body begins to change in ways that can feel both amazing and overwhelming. Each trimester comes with its own set of symptoms, from the early signs of nausea to the physical strain of carrying extra weight. Knowing what to expect can make the experience feel less daunting. This guide breaks down the symptoms and body changes in each trimester, making it easier to prepare for what’s ahead.

First Trimester: Weeks 1–12

The first trimester is a time of big changes, even if they’re not always visible. During these early weeks, your body is working hard to create the perfect environment for your baby to grow. While it’s an exciting time, it can also come with a few challenges. Here’s what to expect:

Common Symptoms

Hormonal fluctuations affect nearly every part of the body, leading to early pregnancy symptoms such as:

• Nausea and vomiting – Commonly known as morning sickness, though it can happen at any time of day.
• Fatigue – Increased progesterone levels often cause excessive tiredness.
• Mood swings – Emotional ups and downs due to hormonal changes.
• Frequent urination – The kidneys work harder to filter blood, leading to increased trips to the bathroom.
• Breast tenderness – The body prepares for breastfeeding, causing sensitivity and swelling.
• Food cravings and aversions – Certain smells or foods may become appealing or suddenly unappetising.
• Bloating and gas – Slower digestion due to hormonal changes may cause discomfort.
• Mild dizziness – Blood pressure tends to drop slightly, which can cause occasional light-headedness.

Body Changes

Most physical changes in the first trimester are internal, but a few noticeable differences may occur:

• Uterus expansion – The uterus starts growing, though it remains within the pelvis.
• Slight weight changes – Some may gain a little weight, while others may lose weight due to nausea.
• Skin changes – Increased hormones can lead to acne or an early pregnancy glow.

Coping with First Trimester Symptoms

Managing early signs of pregnancy can make the experience more comfortable. Here are a few ways:

• Eat small, frequent meals to help with nausea.
• Stay hydrated to prevent dizziness and headaches.
• Get plenty of rest to combat fatigue.
• Avoid strong smells or foods that trigger nausea.
• Wear a supportive bra for breast tenderness.

Second Trimester: Weeks 13–26

Often called the "honeymoon phase" of pregnancy, the second trimester brings some relief from the early symptoms and a chance to enjoy the journey a bit more. By this stage, your body has adjusted to many of the initial changes, and you might start feeling more like yourself again—just with a growing bump! Here’s what to expect during these weeks:

Common Symptoms

As the body adapts, some symptoms from the first trimester may subside, while new ones appear, including:

• Increased energy – Many feel more energetic as morning sickness and fatigue lessen.
• Back pain – The growing baby puts pressure on the spine and lower back.
• Leg cramps – Muscle cramps, especially at night, may occur due to increased weight and circulation changes.
• Stretch marks – The skin stretches to accommodate the growing belly, often leading to marks on the stomach, thighs, or breasts.
• Skin changes – Some may develop a dark line (linea nigra) down the abdomen or notice increased pigmentation on the face (melasma).
• Swollen feet and ankles – Fluid retention may cause mild swelling, especially after long periods of standing.
• Nasal congestion – Increased blood flow can cause swelling in nasal passages, leading to a stuffy nose.
• Baby movements – The first flutters (quickening) are usually felt between weeks 18 and 22.

Body Changes

Physical changes become more visible during this stage:

• Growing belly – The uterus expands, and the baby bump becomes noticeable.
• Breast enlargement – The body continues preparing for breastfeeding, leading to fuller and heavier breasts.
• Weight gain – Most begin gaining weight steadily as appetite increases.
• Changes in posture – The shifting centre of gravity may lead to a slight change in balance.

Coping with Second Trimester Symptoms

Many second-trimester symptoms can be managed with simple adjustments:

• Maintain good posture and use a supportive chair to ease back pain.
• Stretch before bed to reduce leg cramps.
• Wear loose, breathable clothing to stay comfortable.
• Elevate the feet when resting to reduce swelling.
• Apply moisturiser to the skin to help with itching and stretch marks.

Third Trimester: Weeks 27–40+

The third trimester is all about preparing for your baby’s arrival. While it’s an exciting time, it can also come with its own set of challenges as your body gets ready for labour and delivery. Here’s what to expect during these last few months:

Common Symptoms

As the baby grows, the body experiences new and more intense symptoms, including:

• Shortness of breath – The expanding uterus presses against the diaphragm, making breathing feel more difficult.
• Frequent urination – Increased pressure on the bladder leads to more bathroom trips.
• Heartburn and indigestion – Hormonal changes and the growing uterus can cause acid reflux.
• Swelling in the feet and hands – Fluid retention may increase, especially in hot weather or after long periods of standing.
• Back and pelvic pain – Extra weight and shifting posture put strain on the lower back and hips.
• Braxton Hicks contractions – Irregular, mild contractions may occur as the body prepares for labour.
• Fatigue – Sleep may become more difficult due to discomfort, frequent urination, or an active baby.
• Leaking breasts – Some may notice colostrum, the first form of breast milk, leaking from the nipples.

Body Changes

Significant physical changes occur in preparation for birth:

• Rapid baby growth – The baby gains most of its weight, leading to a visibly larger belly.
• Loosening joints – The body produces relaxin, a hormone that helps loosen joints and ligaments for delivery.
• Increased vaginal discharge – A thicker or mucus-like discharge may be noticed as labour approaches.
• Belly button changes – The navel may protrude due to abdominal stretching.

Coping with Third Trimester Symptoms

Managing discomfort can make the final weeks more bearable:

• Sleep with pillows for support to reduce back pain and improve breathing.
• Eat small, frequent meals to prevent heartburn.
• Drink plenty of water and elevate the feet to reduce swelling.
• Wear comfortable, supportive shoes to ease pressure on the feet.
• Practise gentle stretching or prenatal yoga to relieve tension.

When to Seek Medical Advice?

Pregnancy is a time of many changes, and while most symptoms are normal, there are times when it’s important to reach out to your doctor or midwife. Trusting your instincts is key—if something doesn’t feel right, it’s always better to get it checked. Here are some signs to watch for:

Signs to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

• Severe or Persistent Pain: Any intense pain in the abdomen, pelvis, or lower back that doesn’t go away.
• Heavy Bleeding: Vaginal bleeding that’s more than light spotting.
• Severe Headaches: Headaches that don’t improve with rest or pain relief, especially if accompanied by vision changes.
• Swelling: Sudden or severe swelling in the hands, feet, or face, which could be a sign of preeclampsia.
• Reduced Baby Movements: If you notice a significant decrease in your baby’s movements, especially after 28 weeks.
• Fluid Leakage: Leaking fluid from the vagina, which could mean your waters have broken.
• High Fever: A fever over 38°C (100.4°F) that doesn’t go down with medication.
• Persistent Vomiting: Being unable to keep food or liquids down for more than a day.
• Breathing Difficulties: Severe shortness of breath or chest pain.
• Signs of Infection: Unusual discharge, burning during urination, or flu-like symptoms.

Consult Today

Pregnancy is a journey filled with unique experiences, and it’s natural to have questions or concerns as your body changes. At Max Hospital, our obstetricians and gynaecologists are here to provide the care and support you need at every stage. If you’re unsure about any symptoms or simply want guidance, don’t hesitate to reach out. Contact us today to schedule a consultation so we can help you feel confident and prepared for the exciting road ahead.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it normal to feel less hungry during pregnancy?

Yes, changes in appetite are common during pregnancy. In the first trimester, nausea and morning sickness can reduce hunger, making it difficult to eat full meals. As pregnancy progresses, appetite may increase, but some may still experience reduced hunger due to factors like indigestion, heartburn, or the growing baby pressing against the stomach. Eating small, frequent meals can help ensure enough nutrients are consumed. If there is a significant loss of appetite or weight loss, consulting a doctor is recommended.

How much weight gain is expected in each trimester?

Weight gain varies depending on pre-pregnancy weight, overall health, and other factors. On average:

• First trimester: 1–2 kg (some may gain very little due to nausea).
• Second trimester: About 0.5 kg per week, leading to a total gain of 5–7 kg.
• Third trimester: Steady weight gain continues, with an average total gain of 5–7 kg.

Overall, most will gain around 10–15 kg during pregnancy, but this can vary. A doctor can provide guidance on healthy weight gain based on individual needs.

Can I travel during pregnancy? 

Travel is generally safe during pregnancy, especially in the second trimester. However, it’s best to consult your doctor before planning a trip, particularly if it involves long distances or air travel.

What foods should I avoid during pregnancy? 

Certain foods, like raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurised dairy, and high-mercury fish, should be avoided. Your doctor can provide a detailed list to ensure your diet is safe and nutritious.

How do I know if I’m in labour? 

Signs of labour include regular contractions, a "show" (mucus tinged with blood), or your waters breaking. If you’re unsure, contact your healthcare provider for advice.

Can I dye my hair or use skincare products during pregnancy? 

Most hair dyes and skincare products are safe, but it’s best to avoid harsh chemicals. Always check with your doctor if you’re unsure about a specific product.

What should I pack in my hospital bag? 

Essentials include comfortable clothing, toiletries, important documents, and items for the baby, like nappies and a going-home outfit. Your hospital may provide a checklist to help you prepare.

Is it normal to have vivid dreams during pregnancy? 

Yes, many women experience vivid or unusual dreams due to hormonal changes and emotional adjustments. It’s a normal part of pregnancy.

Can I take over-the-counter medications for colds or headaches? 

Some medications are safe during pregnancy, but others are not. Always consult your doctor before taking any medication, even if it’s over-the-counter.