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Lung Cancer Challenges: Prevention, Diagnosis & Care Tips

By Dr. Devavrat Arya in Cancer Care / Oncology

Sep 03 , 2024 | 2 min read

Lung cancer remains one of the most formidable health challenges worldwide, responsible for more deaths than any other type of cancer.

How Frequent is Lung Cancer?

In India, 70,000 to 90,000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year. The increase in new cases is particularly notable in urban regions, driven by factors such as the escalating rates of smoking, heightened air pollution, workplace exposures, and an ageing demographic.

What Causes Lung Cancer?

Smoking accounts for around 85% of lung cancer cases. The smoke produced by tobacco contains more than 7,000 chemicals, most of which can cause cancer. Even for nonsmokers, exposure to secondhand smoke significantly increases the risk. Additional risk factors include exposure to radon gas, asbestos, and air pollution. A family history of lung cancer and genetic factors also heighten the risk.

Vaping and hookah smoking are not safe either. These contain various chemicals, including nicotine, flavouring agents, and other substances like formaldehyde and acrolein, which are known to be harmful and potentially carcinogenic.

What are the Types of Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is categorised into two types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC comprises approximately 85% of all cases and includes subtypes like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. Treatment may vary for each subtype of lung cancer.

What are the Symptoms, and How is it Diagnosed?

Symptoms of lung cancer frequently include a persistent cough, chest discomfort, difficulty breathing, wheezing, unexplained weight loss, and coughing up blood. Due to the vagueness of symptoms, lung cancer is frequently diagnosed at a later stage.

The diagnosis typically involves imaging with chest X-rays and CT scans, followed by a biopsy.

Can Lung Cancer Be Detected Early?

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is a highly effective method for lung cancer screening, particularly for individuals at high risk due to factors like heavy smoking history ( 20 pack years or more), age above 50, and the presence of other risk factors. The test is safe, picks up lung cancer early, and has been shown to improve survival.

What are the Treatment Options for Lung Cancer?

Treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease. Early-stage lung cancer typically leads to surgical options, whereas more advanced cases might necessitate a mix of treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The advent of tests like next-generation sequencing (NGS), targeted therapies, and immunotherapy has revolutionised treatment, particularly for advanced stages.

Prevention and Outlook

Reducing exposure to risk factors, particularly smoking, is the key factor. Regular screenings for high-risk individuals can lead to early detection and better outcomes.