Mouth Ulcers? Try These 10 Home Remedies

Mouth ulcers are small, painful sores that appear inside the mouth and can make eating, drinking, and speaking a challenge. They may develop on the lips, tongue, inner cheeks, or gums, and even though healing typically occurs within one or two weeks, recurring episodes can be frustrating. The repeated irritation disrupts daily routines and prompts a search for effective relief. The good news is that there are many simple home remedies, made from common ingredients used in the kitchen everyday, that can help ease the pain and promote a quicker recovery. This blog explores some such remedies to try at home. But first, let’s understand the types and causes of mouth ulcers.

Types of Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers can be classified into different types based on their appearance, size, and underlying cause. Understanding these types can help identify the best approach for relief and management.

Minor Ulcers

These are the most common type, usually small, round, or oval with a white or yellow centre and a red border. They typically heal within one to two weeks without leaving scars and cause mild to moderate discomfort.

Major Ulcers

Larger and deeper than minor ulcers, these can be more painful and may take several weeks to heal. They often have irregular edges and can leave scars once they heal.

Herpetiform Ulcers

Unlike the name suggests, these ulcers are not caused by the herpes virus. They appear as clusters of tiny sores that can merge into larger ulcers. They are less common but can be very painful and may take longer to heal.

What Causes Mouth Ulcers?

Mouth ulcers can develop due to various factors, ranging from minor injuries to underlying health conditions. 

Minor Injuries

Accidentally biting the inside of the cheek, irritation from braces or dentures, or brushing too hard can damage the delicate lining of the mouth, leading to ulcers. Hot or sharp-edged foods, such as crisps, can also cause small abrasions that turn into painful sores.

Stress and Fatigue

Emotional stress and lack of sleep can weaken the body's defences, making ulcers more likely to develop. Stress can also lead to unconscious habits like cheek biting or teeth grinding, which may further irritate the mouth’s lining.

Certain Foods

Spicy, acidic, or salty foods can irritate the mouth’s lining and trigger ulcers, especially in those with sensitivities. Citrus fruits, tomatoes, and even some nuts can cause discomfort and worsen existing ulcers. Excessive consumption of processed or sugary foods may also contribute by affecting oral health.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Low levels of iron, vitamin B12, or folate can contribute to recurring ulcers, as these nutrients play a role in maintaining healthy tissue. A diet lacking in fresh fruits, vegetables, and protein sources may increase the risk, making balanced nutrition important for prevention.

Hormonal Changes

Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as those during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause, can increase the likelihood of developing mouth ulcers. These changes may also affect saliva production, leading to dryness that makes the mouth more prone to irritation and sores.

Medical Conditions

Conditions such as coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, or a weakened immune system can make ulcers more frequent or severe. Autoimmune disorders may cause the body to attack its own tissues, leading to chronic ulcers, while viral infections and certain medications can also contribute.

10 Home Remedies for Mouth Ulcers

Mouth ulcers can be painful, but several simple home remedies may help ease discomfort and speed up healing. These natural treatments use common household ingredients and have soothing, anti-inflammatory, or antibacterial properties.

1. Saltwater Rinse

Dissolving a teaspoon of salt in warm water and rinsing the mouth with it for 30 to 60 seconds can help reduce swelling and disinfect the ulcer. This remedy works by drawing out excess fluid, reducing inflammation, and keeping the sore clean to prevent infection. Rinsing two to three times a day can provide relief and promote healing.

2. Honey

Applying a small amount of honey directly to the ulcer can provide relief. Honey has natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce pain and prevent infection while keeping the sore moist. It is best to use raw or unprocessed honey for maximum benefits. Reapplying a few times a day can help speed up healing.

3. Coconut Oil

Dabbing coconut oil onto the ulcer may help due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. It forms a protective barrier over the sore, reducing irritation from food and drinks while also fighting bacteria. For best results, apply coconut oil several times a day, allowing it to sit on the ulcer for a few minutes before swallowing.

4. Aloe Vera Gel

Aloe vera is well known for its soothing properties. Applying fresh aloe vera gel to the ulcer can reduce pain, fight bacteria, and promote faster healing. Aloe vera also has cooling effects, which can help ease discomfort. Using fresh aloe gel directly from the plant is most effective, but store-bought pure aloe vera gel can also be used.

5. Baking Soda Paste

Mixing a small amount of baking soda with water to form a thick paste and applying it to the ulcer can help neutralise acidity and reduce irritation. This remedy is particularly useful for ulcers caused by acidic foods or imbalances in mouth pH. It may cause a slight stinging sensation initially but can help dry out the sore and aid in faster healing.

6. Clove Oil

Clove oil contains a natural pain-relieving compound called eugenol, which has numbing and antibacterial properties. Applying a small amount with a cotton swab can help reduce discomfort and prevent infection. For best results, dilute the clove oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, to avoid irritation.

7. Yoghurt

Eating plain yoghurt with live probiotics can help balance bacteria in the mouth and digestive system, reducing the chances of recurrent ulcers. Probiotics support gut health, which plays a role in immune function and inflammation control. Including yoghurt in the diet regularly may help prevent future outbreaks.

8. Turmeric Paste

Turmeric has strong anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Mixing turmeric powder with water or honey to create a thick paste and applying it to the ulcer can help reduce pain, swelling, and bacterial growth. Leaving it on for a few minutes before rinsing off can enhance its effects.

9. Chamomile Tea Rinse

Chamomile has natural healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Rinsing the mouth with cooled chamomile tea or applying a chamomile tea bag directly to the sore can help soothe irritation, reduce redness, and promote healing. This remedy works best when used two to three times a day.

10. Ice Cubes

Holding an ice cube against the ulcer for a short time can numb the area and provide temporary relief from pain, especially for larger or more painful sores. This remedy is especially helpful for ulcers caused by irritation from braces or dentures. Wrapping the ice in a clean cloth before applying it can help prevent direct damage to sensitive tissues.

When to See a Doctor?

Most mouth ulcers heal on their own within one to two weeks, but some cases may require medical attention. A doctor should be consulted if:

• Ulcers last longer than three weeks – Persistent sores may indicate an underlying health condition that needs further investigation.
• Ulcers keep returning frequently – Recurrent ulcers could be a sign of nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, or immune-related disorders.
• Sores are unusually large or painful – Severe discomfort, difficulty eating or drinking, or slow healing may require medical treatment.
• Ulcers spread or worsen over time – An increasing number of sores or those that do not improve despite home remedies may need professional evaluation.
• Other symptoms develop – Fever, swollen lymph nodes, or unexplained weight loss along with mouth ulcers could indicate a more serious health issue.
• Ulcers do not respond to home treatments – If natural remedies and over-the-counter solutions provide no relief, a doctor may prescribe medication or recommend further tests.

Consult Today

Ulcers that persist for more than three weeks, cause severe pain or keep returning despite home care may require medical attention. If symptoms are worsening or accompanied by other health concerns, seeking professional advice is important. The specialists at Max Hospital can assess the underlying cause and recommend the right treatment to help manage the condition effectively. Booking a consultation can provide the necessary guidance and relief, ensuring any ongoing discomfort is addressed properly.

FAQs on Mouth Ulcers

Can mouth ulcers be a sign of an allergic reaction?

Yes, mouth ulcers can develop as a reaction to certain allergens, including specific foods, dental products, or medications. Some people may experience ulcers after consuming citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, or spicy foods, while others may react to ingredients in toothpaste or mouthwash, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. Identifying and avoiding triggers can help prevent recurrent ulcers.

Do certain medications increase the risk of developing mouth ulcers?

Some medications can contribute to mouth ulcers as a side effect. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), beta-blockers, and certain antibiotics have been known to cause irritation or sores in the mouth. Chemotherapy and immunosuppressive drugs may also weaken the body's defences, increasing the likelihood of ulcers. If medication-related ulcers occur frequently, consulting a doctor for alternative options or supportive treatments may be beneficial.

Can dehydration contribute to mouth ulcers?

Yes, dehydration can lead to dry mouth, reducing saliva production, which plays a key role in protecting the mouth from irritation and infections. A dry environment in the mouth can make tissues more prone to developing ulcers, especially if combined with stress, poor diet, or frequent consumption of acidic foods. Drinking enough water throughout the day can help maintain oral health and prevent discomfort.

Are mouth ulcers linked to digestive disorders?

Certain digestive conditions, such as coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis, have been associated with recurrent mouth ulcers. In these cases, ulcers may be a symptom of underlying inflammation or nutrient malabsorption. People experiencing frequent mouth ulcers alongside digestive issues should seek medical advice to rule out any gastrointestinal conditions.

Are mouth ulcers more common in children or adults?

Mouth ulcers can occur at any age, but they are more common in children and young adults. Factors such as stress, minor injuries from braces or accidental biting, and nutritional deficiencies can contribute to their development. In adults, ulcers may be triggered by lifestyle factors, certain medications, or underlying health conditions.

Can poor oral hygiene lead to mouth ulcers?

Poor oral hygiene does not directly cause mouth ulcers, but it can contribute to irritation and infections that may lead to sores. A buildup of bacteria, plaque, or food particles in the mouth can increase the risk of gum inflammation and minor injuries, making ulcers more likely. Regular brushing, flossing, and using a mild, non-irritating mouthwash can help maintain oral health and reduce the chances of developing ulcers.