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Kidney Cancer: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risks & Preventions

By Dr. Amit Goel in Urology , Kidney Transplant , Uro-Oncology

Aug 23 , 2024 | 1 min read

Kidney cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, often goes undetected until it is incidentally discovered during imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan conducted for other health issues. When symptoms manifest, they can include blood in the urine, lower back pain or a feeling of heaviness on one side, and a mass or lump on the side or lower back. Additional symptoms might involve fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, and fever.

Diagnosing a kidney tumour involves several key tests. Ultrasonography, CT scans, and MRI are commonly used to visualize the kidneys and detect abnormalities. Blood tests and urinalysis are essential for identifying potential markers of kidney cancer. For a comprehensive assessment, a whole-body PET CT scan can be conducted to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

Given that 95% of kidney tumours are cancerous, prompt and effective treatment is crucial. Surgical removal of the tumour, through either a partial or radical nephrectomy, is considered the most effective treatment. Modern techniques often employ laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery to minimize invasiveness and enhance recovery. Other Kidney cancer treatment options include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy, and, in some cases, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Preventive measures play a critical role in reducing the risk of kidney cancer. Avoiding smoking is paramount, as it is a significant risk factor. Regular health check-ups, including blood and urine tests and ultrasonography, can aid early detection. It is also advisable to consult a urologist if any symptoms or abnormal test results are observed, ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment.

By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, staying vigilant about changes in health, and undergoing regular medical evaluations, individuals can significantly mitigate the risk of kidney cancer and enhance early detection and treatment outcomes.