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Scrub Typhus Test: Purpose, Results, Uses, and Risks

By Dr. Sehba Asim Nehal in Internal Medicine

Apr 28 , 2025 | 4 min read

Scrub typhus is a bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, transmitted through the bite of infected chiggers (larval mites).The Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test is an important diagnostic tool that detects specific antibodies in the blood, confirming the presence of the infection. Early detection through this test enables timely treatment, reducing the risk of severe complications.

What Does a Scrub Typhus Test Detect?

The Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test identifies IgM antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. These antibodies typically appear within a week of infection, making the test effective for early diagnosis. Detecting these antibodies helps confirm an active or recent scrub typhus infection, facilitating prompt medical intervention.

Complete Blood Count (CBC) Normal Range

A Complete Blood Count (CBC) test measures various components of blood, including:

Blood Component	Normal Range – Men	Normal Range – Women
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)	4.7 to 6.1 million cells/µL	4.2 to 5.4 million cells/µL
White Blood Cells (WBCs)	4,500 to 11,000 cells/µL	4,500 to 11,000 cells/µL
Hemoglobin	13.8 to 17.2 g/dL	12.1 to 15.1 g/dL
Platelets	150,000 to 450,000 platelets/µL	150,000 to 450,000 platelets/µL

Scrub Typhus Test and Price

At Max Hospital, we offer the Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test at a competitive price of ₹. Our state-of-the-art laboratories and experienced medical professionals ensure accurate and timely results, providing comprehensive diagnostic services for both domestic and international patients.

Diseases Detected by a Scrub Typhus Test

The primary purpose of the Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test is to diagnose scrub typhus infection. Early detection is vital, as untreated scrub typhus can lead to severe complications such as:

Pneumonia:
A serious lung infection that can develop if scrub typhus is left untreated, causing breathing issues and chest pain.

Meningitis:
Inflammation of the brain’s protective layers, leading to headaches, fever, and in some cases, confusion or seizures.

Multi-organ Failure:
In advanced cases, scrub typhus can affect the liver, kidneys, and other organs, becoming life-threatening without quick treatment.

Scrub Typhus Test Results

The results of the Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test are interpreted as follows:

Negative Result: No significant levels of IgM antibodies detected, indicating no current infection.
Positive Result: Presence of IgM antibodies, suggesting an active or recent infection with Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Equivocal Result: Uncertain result, possibly due to early stages of infection or borderline antibody levels; retesting may be recommended after a few days.

It's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to accurately interpret test results and determine the appropriate course of action.

Composition and Ingredients of the Scrub Typhus Test

The Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test kit comprises several components designed to detect IgM antibodies against Orientia tsutsugamushi:

Microtiter Plates: Coated with recombinant antigens specific to Orientia tsutsugamushi.
Sample Diluent: Buffers that prepare the patient's serum for testing.
Enzyme Conjugate: Binds to any present IgM antibodies, facilitating detection.
Substrate Solution: Reacts with the enzyme conjugate to produce a measurable signal.
Stop Solution: Halts the reaction to allow for accurate measurement.

Each component plays a crucial role in ensuring the test's accuracy and reliability.

Uses of the Scrub Typhus Test

The Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test is utilized to:

Diagnose Scrub Typhus Infection: This test helps confirm the presence of an active or recent scrub typhus infection by detecting IgM antibodies, which are produced in response to the infection.
Monitor Treatment Efficacy:The test can be used to assess the effectiveness of prescribed antibiotics by checking for changes in the levels of antibodies over the course of treatment, helping doctors gauge recovery.
Epidemiological Surveillance: The test plays a crucial role in tracking the prevalence and spread of scrub typhus, especially in regions where the disease is endemic. This helps public health officials understand the disease dynamics and implement appropriate measures to control its spread.

Early and accurate diagnosis through this test is essential for effective disease management and prevention of complications.

Side Effects and Risks of the Scrub Typhus Test

The Scrub Typhus IgM ELISA test involves a standard blood draw, which is generally safe. Potential risks include:

Mild Pain or Bruising: At the site of needle insertion.
Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Rare and usually temporary.
Infection: Extremely rare if proper sterile techniques are used.

These minor side effects typically resolve quickly without any intervention.

Book Your Scrub Typhus Test Today at Max Hospital

Don’t delay your health check—early diagnosis saves lives. At Max Hospital, we offer accurate and affordable scrub typhus testing with quick results and expert care. Whether you're in India or coming from abroad, our dedicated team is here to support your health journey.

Call now or book online to schedule your test at Max Hospital!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is a Scrub Typhus test done before surgery?

It is not a standard pre-surgery test. Scrub Typhus testing is only advised if the patient shows symptoms like high fever, rash, or organ complications that suggest a possible infection, especially in endemic areas. For routine surgeries, this test is not typically required.

What symptoms suggest I need a Scrub Typhus test?

You should consider this test if you have:

High fever
Body aches
Skin rash
Enlarged lymph nodes

How long does it take to get Scrub Typhus test results?

Most labs, including Max Hospital, deliver results within 24 to 48 hours. In urgent cases, same-day processing is available depending on the location and lab capacity.

Can Scrub Typhus be cured after a positive test?

Yes, scrub typhus is treatable with antibiotics like doxycycline or azithromycin. Early diagnosis through the test leads to fast recovery. Most people recover fully if treated in time.