Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

Did you know that the signs and symptoms of stomach cancer can mimic those of less serious conditions? For instance, symptoms such as heartburn can be mistaken as a sign of untreated acid reflux, potentially leading to a delayed diagnosis. In cases where symptoms persist for more than two to three weeks, it’s crucial to consult a doctor. This blog will help you understand the subtle as well as not-so-subtle signs of stomach cancer that shouldn’t be ignored for a timely diagnosis and effective stomach cancer treatment.

What is Stomach Cancer (Gastric Cancer)?

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the cells lining the stomach. The stomach is a crucial organ in the digestive system, responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. Stomach cancer typically starts in the mucosa, the innermost layer of the stomach, and can spread to other layers and nearby organs as it progresses.

There are several types of stomach cancer, with adenocarcinoma being the most common. This type originates in the glandular cells of the stomach lining. There are other less common types of stomach cancer, including:

• Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs): These tumours start in the connective tissues of the stomach wall.
• Carcinoid tumours: These tumours start in the hormone-producing cells of the stomach.
• Lymphomas: Lymphomas start in the immune system cells of the stomach.

What are Early Stage Symptoms of Stomach Cancer?

Early-stage stomach cancer often doesn't cause any noticeable symptoms. This is why it's sometimes diagnosed at later stages. When symptoms do appear, they can be general and easily confused with other conditions. Here are some possible stomach cancer early symptoms to be aware of:

Mild or intermittent abdominal pain

Mild or intermittent abdominal pain can be one of the stage 1 stomach cancer symptoms, but it is typically overlooked because it resembles common gastrointestinal issues. This type of pain is typically a dull ache or discomfort that comes and goes, rather than being constant and severe. You might feel it in the upper abdomen, just below the ribs. Because the pain is mild and sporadic, it can easily be mistaken for less serious conditions such as indigestion or acid reflux. If such pain persists for more than two to three weeks, it is important to seek medical evaluation to rule out the possibility of stomach cancer or other serious conditions.

Minor changes in appetite or weight

While stomach cancer often goes unnoticed in the early stages, minor changes in appetite or weight can sometimes be a clue. You might find yourself feeling full quicker than usual after eating small meals, or experience a gradual decrease in appetite over time. Weight loss can also occur even if your eating habits haven't changed significantly.

Indigestion or heartburn

Indigestion and heartburn are tricky symptoms when it comes to stomach cancer. They can absolutely be a part of early gastric cancer symptoms , but they're also incredibly common with less serious issues like acid reflux. The key here is to be aware of changes in frequency and severity. If you experience heartburn or indigestion more often than usual, or it becomes much more intense, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or difficulty swallowing, then it's best to get checked out by one of the best stomach cancer treatment doctors in India.

Occasional nausea or vomiting

Occasional nausea and vomiting can be caused by various things, from dietary indiscretion to a passing illness. However, listen to your body. If nausea and vomiting become more frequent or severe, especially if accompanied by abdominal pain or blood, it's important to get checked out by a doctor. The content of vomit can also be a red flag - vomiting blood or dark-coloured material needs medical attention. Similarly, if nausea and vomiting seem linked to eating, it could be a sign of indigestion or, potentially, stomach cancer. The key is to be aware of changes from your normal and to address any persistent or worsening symptoms with a healthcare professional. 

What are Advanced Stage Symptoms of Stomach Cancer?

Advanced stage stomach cancer, unfortunately, often presents with more noticeable and concerning symptoms. These can significantly impact daily life and well-being. Here are some of the stage 3 and stage 4 stomach cancer symptoms to be aware of:

Persistent and Severe Abdominal Pain

Stomach cancer often develops silently, but persistent and severe abdominal pain can be a significant warning sign, especially in advanced stages. This pain can be quite different from the occasional discomfort we all experience. It might manifest as a dull or sharp ache that lingers and disrupts your daily activities. The pain could also worsen after eating, potentially indicating irritation or blockage within the stomach. Particularly concerning is nighttime pain that disrupts sleep or wakes you up.

Significant Weight Loss and Loss of Appetite

Significant weight loss and loss of appetite can be a cause for concern, especially when they occur together and seem unexplained. While these symptoms can arise from various factors like stress or changes in activity level, they can also be symptoms of stage 4 gastric cancer.

Here's why these symptoms together might be a red flag:

• Weight loss: Stomach cancer can disrupt the body's ability to absorb nutrients properly, leading to weight loss even if your eating habits haven't changed. This weight loss can be rapid or happen gradually over time, but it's often significant – exceeding 10 pounds (4.54 kg) or 5% of your body weight in 6 months.
• Loss of appetite: Stomach cancer can make you feel full sooner after eating, or cause a general disinterest in food. This can lead to a decrease in calorie intake and contribute to weight loss.

Difficulty Swallowing

Difficulty swallowing, or dysphagia, can be a red flag for stage 3 stomach cancer or above. Unlike a sudden sore throat, this difficulty often develops gradually. You might struggle with solids first, then both solids and liquids. Swallowing can feel like there's a blockage or become painful. While other issues can cause dysphagia too, don't ignore persistent trouble swallowing and see a doctor at a reputable hospital for timely treatment.

Vomiting Blood or Passing Bloody Stools

Vomiting blood or passing bloody stools are both alarming signs that require immediate medical attention. These symptoms, known as haematemesis (vomiting blood) and haematochezia (bloody stools), can indicate bleeding anywhere in your upper digestive tract, potentially caused by stomach ulcers or stomach cancer. Bright red blood in vomit suggests fresh bleeding, while dark, coffee-ground-like vomit or stools that appear dark or tarry signify older bleeding. Don't hesitate to see a doctor right away to determine the cause and receive proper treatment.

Extreme Fatigue and Weakness

Extreme fatigue and weakness are often experienced in later stages of stomach cancer. Unlike tiredness after a long day, this fatigue feels constant and interferes with daily activities. Here's why it occurs:

• Blood Loss: Significant internal bleeding from stomach ulcers or tumours can lead to anaemia. Anaemia reduces the oxygen reaching your tissues, causing fatigue and weakness.
• Nutrient Deficiencies: Stomach cancer can hinder your body's ability to absorb nutrients properly. These deficiencies, especially iron deficiency from blood loss, can further contribute to fatigue and weakness.
• The Cancer Itself: Cancer is a burden on the body, requiring a lot of energy to fight and grow. This increased energy expenditure can leave you feeling constantly drained and weak.

Does Stomach Cancer Affect Men And Women Differently?

Stomach cancer affects both men and women, but there are some differences in how it presents and impacts the sexes. Generally, men are more likely to develop stomach cancer than women. However, women may experience certain symptoms differently or might prioritise different symptoms when seeking medical care. For instance, women might report more issues related to digestion, such as bloating and changes in appetite, which can sometimes be misattributed to other common female health issues like hormonal changes or gynaecological conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

How to differentiate between stomach cancer symptoms and other digestive issues?

Many stomach cancer symptoms can mimic those of other digestive problems like ulcers, heartburn, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The key is in the duration and severity. If you experience any symptoms that persist for more than two to three weeks, worsen over time, or significantly impact your daily life, it's wise to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

What are the biggest risk factors for stomach cancer?

Several factors can increase your risk of stomach cancer, including:

• Diet: A diet high in processed meats, salted foods, and low in fruits and vegetables can increase risk.
• H. pylori infection: This bacterial infection in the stomach can contribute to stomach ulcers and potentially stomach cancer.
• Smoking: Smoking is a significant risk factor for stomach cancer.
• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase your risk.
• Family history: Having a close relative with stomach cancer increases your risk.
• Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux can irritate the stomach lining and potentially increase cancer risk.

Is it possible to have stomach cancer without experiencing any symptoms?

Yes, unfortunately, stomach cancer can sometimes be asymptomatic in the early stages. This is why regular checkups and screenings are important, especially for those with risk factors.

How long can stomach cancer go undetected?

The timeframe for stomach cancer to go undetected varies. It can be months or even years, especially if symptoms are mild or mistaken for other digestive issues. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, so be mindful of any persistent changes in your digestion and seek medical advice if needed.

Do stomach cancer symptoms get worse over time?

In general, yes. Stomach cancer symptoms often worsen and become more frequent and severe as the cancer progresses. However, this isn't always the case. It's important to be aware of any changes in your body, even if they seem subtle.

What organs does stomach cancer affect?

Stomach cancer primarily affects the stomach itself. However, in advanced stages, it can spread to nearby lymph nodes and other organs like the oesophagus, liver, lungs, and bones.

Is stomach cancer curable if caught early?

The earlier stomach cancer is detected, the better the chances of successful treatment and cure. Early-stage stomach cancer often has a high cure rate, with surgery followed by chemotherapy and other treatment options like radiation therapy.

Conclusion

This blog has provided a comprehensive overview of stomach cancer, including its symptoms and risk factors. The key is to be aware of your body and any changes you experience. If you're concerned about stomach cancer, don't hesitate to schedule an appointment with a gastroenterologist at Max Hospitals, the best stomach cancer hospital in India. Our team of experienced and highly skilled doctors can provide the necessary diagnosis, latest treatment options like immunotherapy, and the support you need to fight stomach cancer.