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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Risk Factors & Preventions Tips

By Dr. Amit Goel in Urology , Robotic Surgery

Jan 03 , 2025 | 3 min read

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are a common problem affecting millions of people worldwide, especially women. Symptoms are frequent urination, burning during urination and pelvic pain. UTIs can really impact your life. However, knowing the prevention and treatment options can aid in managing and reducing the occurrence of these infections. Here are expert tips from urologists on how to prevent and treat UTIs.

What are UTIs?

A UTI occurs when bad bacteria, usually Escherichia coli (E. coli), enter the urinary tract, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections are confined to the lower urinary tract, but if left untreated, UTIs can spread to the kidneys, causing more serious complications.

Risk Factors:

Female anatomy (shorter urethra).
Sexual activity.
Hormonal changes (e.g., menopause or pregnancy).
Poor hygiene practices.
Medical conditions such as diabetes or urinary tract obstructions.

Preventing UTIs: Urology Expert Tips

Hydration is Key

Drink plenty of water to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Aim for 6-8 glasses a day.

Proper Hygiene

To stop bacteria from moving from the anal region to the urethra, always wipe from front to back after using the toilet.
Don’t use harsh soaps, douches or perfumed products around the genital area, as they can disrupt the natural balance of good bacteria.

Empty the Bladder Regularly

Don’t hold in your urine for long. Regularly emptying the bladder prevents bacteria from accumulating in the urinary tract.

Urinate Before and After Sex

A simple habit of flushing out bacteria introduced during sex.Choose Breathable Fabrics
Avoid wearing clothing that is too tight since this might provide a damp environment for bacteria to develop. Instead, choose cotton underwear.

Dietary Adjustments

Add cranberry juice or supplements to your diet. Cranberries have compounds that may prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder walls.
Add probiotics like yoghurt or kefir to support good gut and urinary tract flora.

Be Aware During Menopause

Low oestrogen levels put postmenopausal women at increased risk. Vaginal estrogen therapy prescribed by a healthcare provider can help maintain urinary tract health.

Treatment for UTIs

Antibiotics

UTIs are often treated with antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare provider. Make sure to finish the full course even if symptoms improve to prevent recurrence or antibiotic resistance.

Over-the-Counter Pain Relief

Medications like phenazopyridine can help with urination discomfort but not as a replacement for antibiotic treatment.

Medical Evaluation for Recurrent UTIs

For those who get frequent UTIs, urologists may recommend additional tests to find out the underlying cause, such as kidney stones or anatomical abnormalities.

Advanced Treatment Options

For severe or recurrent cases, long-term low-dose antibiotics, vaginal estrogen or specialised procedures may be needed.

When to See a Doctor

Mild UTIs will resolve with proper care and hydration, but in these situations, you need to see a doctor:

Symptoms persist or get worse.
High fever, back pain or nausea, which means you may have a kidney infection.
Blood is in your urine.

Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications.

Natural Remedies and Supplements

While antibiotics are the gold standard, some people use natural remedies for extra support:

D-Mannose: A sugar found in cranberries that stops bacteria from adhering.
Herbal Teas: Uva ursi and marshmallow root are used to soothe the urinary tract.
Essential Oils: Some studies show oregano oil has antimicrobial properties, but use it with caution and under medical supervision.

Recurring UTIs

Chronic UTIs are a real pain, but with lifestyle changes and working with a urologist, you can make a difference. Try these:

Customised Treatment Plans: A urologist may prescribe preventive antibiotics or other therapies.
Immunotherapy: Some experimental treatments aim to boost the body’s ability to fight UTIs.
Lifestyle Changes: Change your habits, such as hydration and hygiene, and you will reduce recurrence.

Conclusion

Preventing and treating UTIs is a combination of good hygiene, healthy habits and medical intervention. Be proactive and see a doctor on time to reduce the risk of infection and to have optimal urinary health. If you have recurring UTIs or severe symptoms, see a urologist for personalised advice. Together, you can create a plan to keep your urinary tract healthy and infection-free.