World Brain Tumour Day 2025: Increasing Awareness for a Healthier Tomorrow

World Brain Tumour Day, observed on 8 June each year, was established to draw attention to brain tumours and emphasise the need to increase awareness about them. The day encourages communities to learn more about this condition, recognise possible symptoms, and support early diagnosis. Awareness helps improve outcomes by making people more alert to early stage brain tumour symptoms that may otherwise go unnoticed. In this article, we look at the origins and purpose of World Brain Tumour Day, and provide key information about brain tumours, including their types, causes, signs, diagnosis, and treatment.

History and Significance of World Tumour Day

World Brain Tumour Day was launched on 8 June 2000 by the German Brain Tumour Association. It began as a national effort to draw attention to the challenges faced by those diagnosed with brain tumours and to honour the work of researchers and healthcare teams. In the years that followed, the International Brain Tumour Alliance joined the initiative, transforming it into a global observance.

The day serves several key purposes. First, it brings communities together to share reliable information about brain tumours, helping to clear up common uncertainties. Second, it highlights ongoing research and the progress made in diagnosis and care. Finally, it offers a chance to show support for patients, families and carers by raising funds and promoting open discussion. By marking World Brain Tumour Day each year, people everywhere are reminded of the importance of learning more about this condition and backing efforts to improve outcomes.

What Are the Different Types of Brain Tumours?

Brain tumours fall into two main groups: primary tumours that start in the brain and secondary tumours that spread from elsewhere in the body.

• Gliomas begin in the supportive cells of the brain called glial cells. Common subtypes include astrocytomas (which can be slow-growing or more aggressive), oligodendrogliomas (often found in the brain’s lobes) and glioblastomas (the most aggressive form).
• Meningiomas develop in the thin layers of tissue covering the brain and spinal cord. Most grow slowly and remain non-cancerous.
• Pituitary adenomas form in the pituitary gland, which controls hormone levels. These tumours are usually non-cancerous.
• Schwannomas, sometimes called acoustic neuromas, start in the cells that insulate nerves and often affect hearing and balance.
• Medulloblastomas arise in the cerebellum, which controls movement and coordination, and are more common in children.

Secondary brain tumours occur when cancer from another part of the body—such as the breast or lung—spreads to the brain. These are named after their original site, for example “breast cancer metastasis to the brain.”

What Causes Brain Tumours?

In most cases, the precise trigger for a brain tumour remains unclear. Changes in cell DNA can lead to uncontrolled growth, but these alterations often occur by chance rather than from a single identifiable source. Ongoing research seeks to uncover the biological processes that set this growth in motion.

Some factors may increase the chances of a brain tumour, although having one or more of these does not mean a tumour will definitely develop. These include:

• Genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome and von Hippel-Lindau disease carry mutations that affect cell growth and repair.
• Family history of brain tumours can indicate inherited risks even without a known syndrome.
• Age plays a part, with certain tumours—such as medulloblastomas—more common in children, and others—such as glioblastomas—seen more often in older adults.
• Exposure to ionising radiation, for instance from therapeutic radiotherapy in earlier cancer treatment, has been linked to later development of brain tumours.
• Occupational or environmental agents, including long-term contact with some industrial chemicals or high levels of air pollutants, are under study for their possible role.

What Are the Common Symptoms of a Brain Tumour?

The symptoms of a brain tumour can vary greatly depending on the tumour’s location, size, and growth rate. Some tumours may cause symptoms slowly, while others can lead to noticeable signs more quickly. It's important to keep in mind that many of these symptoms can also be linked to other, more common health issues, so having one or more of them doesn't necessarily mean you have a brain tumour.

Common symptoms include:

• Headaches that are persistent, worsen over time, or are different from typical headaches
• Seizures or convulsions, which may occur unexpectedly
• Changes in vision, such as blurred or double vision
• Nausea or vomiting, especially in the morning or without a clear cause
• Changes in speech, memory, or cognitive function, such as difficulty thinking clearly or recalling information
• Weakness or numbness in certain parts of the body, depending on which area of the brain is affected
• Personality changes or mood swings that seem out of character for the person
  
  

If these symptoms are noticed, it’s important to seek medical advice for proper diagnosis and care. While brain tumours are relatively rare, recognising symptoms early helps ensure prompt treatment and the best possible outcomes.

How Are Brain Tumours Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a brain tumour typically involves several steps, starting with a thorough medical evaluation. Doctors will ask about symptoms, medical history, and perform a physical examination to check for signs that might indicate a tumour. If a brain tumour is suspected, further tests will be needed to confirm the diagnosis and understand the tumour’s characteristics.

The most common diagnostic tools include:

Imaging Tests

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This is the most commonly used method to detect brain tumours. It creates detailed images of the brain and can help identify the size, location, and type of tumour.
• CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: This scan uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the brain and can be helpful if MRI is not available or in emergency situations.

Biopsy

If imaging tests suggest the presence of a tumour, a biopsy may be recommended to take a small sample of the tumour tissue. This helps doctors determine if the tumour is benign or malignant (cancerous). Biopsies are usually done through a surgical procedure, but in some cases, a needle biopsy may be used.

Neurological Examination

Doctors may also perform tests to evaluate brain function, such as checking coordination, reflexes, vision, and cognitive abilities. This helps assess which part of the brain might be affected and how it is functioning.

Additional Tests

In some cases, further blood tests or genetic testing may be done to understand the tumour better, especially if there are concerns about inherited conditions.

Early diagnosis is key to planning the most appropriate treatment. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and next steps.

What Treatment Options Are Available for Brain Tumours?

The treatment for brain tumours depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and how much it has spread. It also takes into account the patient’s general health and personal preferences. In many cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended to provide the best chance of success.

Surgery

Surgery is often the first option, especially if the tumour is accessible and can be safely removed. The goal is to remove as much of the tumour as possible without damaging vital brain tissue. In some cases, complete removal may not be possible, but surgery can still help reduce tumour size and ease symptoms.

Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy uses high-energy beams, such as X-rays, to target and destroy tumour cells. It is commonly used after surgery to kill any remaining tumour cells or as the primary treatment if surgery is not possible. It can also help shrink tumours before surgery to make removal easier.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancerous cells or stop their growth. It may be used in conjunction with surgery or radiotherapy, especially if the tumour is malignant. Chemotherapy is often given in cycles, with rest periods in between, to allow the body to recover.

Targeted Therapy

This newer form of treatment involves drugs that target specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Unlike chemotherapy, which affects both healthy and tumour cells, targeted therapies focus on specific changes in tumour cells to minimise damage to healthy tissue.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy works by boosting the body’s immune system to fight off tumour cells. It is still being researched but shows promise for certain types of brain tumours, particularly glioblastomas.

Supportive Care

In addition to direct treatments for the tumour, supportive care is essential to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. This may include medication for pain, nausea, and other symptoms, as well as rehabilitation therapies to help with speech, mobility, and cognitive function after treatment.

Recent Advances and Innovations in Brain Tumour Treatment

In recent years, there have been several advancements in the way brain tumours are diagnosed and treated. These innovations aim to make treatments more precise, reduce side effects, and improve overall outcomes.

Image-Guided Surgery

Modern imaging techniques now allow surgeons to view the tumour in great detail during surgery. This helps in removing as much of the tumour as possible while avoiding healthy brain tissue. Tools like intraoperative MRI and neuronavigation systems support safer and more effective procedures.

Proton Therapy

Proton therapy is a type of radiotherapy that uses proton beams instead of traditional X-rays. These beams can be directed more precisely to the tumour, which helps protect nearby healthy tissues, especially in sensitive areas of the brain. It is particularly useful in treating brain tumours in children.

Targeted Drug Therapy

Researchers have identified certain genetic changes in some brain tumours. Targeted drugs are being developed to act specifically on these changes. These therapies work differently from standard chemotherapy and may have fewer side effects.

Tumour Treating Fields (TTF)

This non-invasive treatment uses low-intensity electric fields delivered through a wearable device. These fields can interfere with cancer cell division and slow down tumour growth. TTF is currently used along with chemotherapy for certain types of aggressive brain tumours like glioblastoma.

Liquid Biopsy

Traditional biopsies involve removing tissue samples through surgery. Liquid biopsy is a newer method that detects tumour DNA in blood or spinal fluid. It offers a less invasive way to monitor the tumour’s progress and check how well treatment is working.

These developments offer hope for more effective and less harmful treatment options in the future.

Can Brain Tumours Be Prevented?

Currently, there is no known way to completely prevent brain tumours. However, some steps may help reduce the risk of developing certain types: 

• Avoid Exposure to Harmful Chemicals: Long-term exposure to toxic substances, such as pesticides or industrial chemicals, has been linked to an increased risk of developing some cancers, including brain tumours. Using protective gear in work environments and avoiding unnecessary chemical exposure is advised.
  
  
• Limit Radiation Exposure: High doses of radiation, especially to the head, have been associated with an increased risk of brain tumours. This can occur from past cancer treatments or from frequent exposure to sources like X-rays or CT scans. It’s important to follow guidelines to limit unnecessary radiation and discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider before undergoing medical imaging.
  
  
• Healthy Lifestyle: While the direct link between a healthy lifestyle and brain tumour prevention is still under study, maintaining general health may help reduce the risk of developing certain cancers. Eating a balanced diet, staying physically active, and avoiding smoking are all beneficial for overall health.
  
  
• Genetic Testing: In some cases, individuals with a family history of brain tumours or certain genetic syndromes may be at a higher risk. Genetic counselling and testing may help identify those at risk and guide early monitoring.
  
  

Although there is no guaranteed way to prevent brain tumours, leading a healthy lifestyle and minimising harmful exposures can potentially help lower the risk. If you have concerns about your risk factors, it’s always a good idea to discuss them with a healthcare professional.

How Can You Get Involved This World Brain Tumour Day?

World Brain Tumour Day offers a chance for communities, schools, workplaces, and individuals to come together and raise awareness. Even small efforts can help people learn more about brain tumours and support those affected.

• Join Awareness Campaigns: Take part in local events or online campaigns that share information about brain tumours. Wearing a grey ribbon, which symbolises brain tumour awareness, is a simple way to show support.
• Share Trusted Information: Use social media or conversations to spread awareness using facts from reliable health sources. This helps others recognise possible symptoms and understand the importance of seeking medical advice.
• Support a Brain Tumour Organisation: Many groups work to support research, treatment, and patient care. Donating, volunteering, or taking part in fundraising events can contribute to their efforts.
• Attend Talks or Webinars: Educational events held around this day often include doctors or researchers who share useful information. These can help people stay informed about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.
• Encourage Regular Health Checks: Reminding friends and family to pay attention to health changes and consult a doctor when needed can make a real difference.
  
  

Every action, no matter how small, plays a role in creating awareness and supporting early medical attention.

Final Words

World Brain Tumour Day is an opportunity not only to learn more but also to take meaningful action. For those who have concerns about symptoms or need guidance, timely medical support is important. At Max Hospital, specialists are available to assess symptoms, carry out necessary tests, and offer appropriate treatment. Booking a consultation could be the first step towards peace of mind and timely care.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a brain tumour be non-cancerous?

Yes, not all brain tumours are cancerous. Some are benign, which means they grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, even benign tumours may cause symptoms if they press on parts of the brain, so medical attention is still important.

Is it possible to live a normal life after brain tumour treatment?

Many people are able to return to regular routines after treatment, depending on the type, size, and location of the tumour. Recovery may take time, but with the right care and support, many can go back to work, study, and enjoy daily life.

Are brain tumours always life-threatening?

Not all brain tumours are life-threatening. Some are slow-growing and manageable with treatment. Early diagnosis and proper medical care can make a big difference in how the condition affects health over time.

How long does recovery take after brain tumour surgery?

Recovery time can vary based on the type of surgery, the tumour's location, and the person’s general health. Some may recover in a few weeks, while others may take longer. Doctors often suggest rest and regular check-ups during the healing process.

Is it safe to fly or travel with a brain tumour?

Travelling is usually safe for many people with brain tumours, but it depends on symptoms and the stage of treatment. It is best to ask a doctor before flying or going on long trips, especially if there is a risk of swelling or pressure changes in the brain.

How often should follow-up scans or check-ups be done after treatment?

Doctors usually recommend regular follow-ups to keep track of recovery and check for any changes. The schedule depends on the type of tumour and treatment used. Some may need scans every few months, and others may need yearly reviews.

Can brain tumours recur after treatment?

Yes, some brain tumours can come back, even after treatment. That is why regular check-ups and follow-up scans are important. Early detection of any changes can help doctors decide on the next steps quickly.