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Department of General Surgery and Robotics

Department of General Surgery and Robotics

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Overview

It is a medical discipline that demands the general surgeons to be familiar with treating several diseases that may require surgical treatment. It focuses primarily on dealing with abdominal organs like stomach, colon, gall bladder, esophagus, liver, bile ducts, pancreas etc. General surgery can also treat diseases that involve breast, skin, hernias, trauma and vascular pathologies. Most importantly, a general surgeon should have experience and specialised knowledge about pre-operative, operative and post-operative management as well as the ability to deal with any surgical emergency.

Today, with the advent of medical sciences- hernia, gastric bypass surgery and many abdominal surgeries can be done with the aid of robotics also.

What is General Surgery?

A surgical speciality, general surgery focuses on abdominal organs such as pancreas, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, appendix, bile ducts, liver, colon and small bowel etc. A general surgeon also deals with conditions involving peripheral vascular surgery, hernias, skin and breast. They also perform various endoscopic procedures including colonoscopy and gastroscopy.

What is Robotic Surgery?

Robot-assisted surgery, also known as robotic surgery integrates the advanced computer technology with a surgeon’s hands-on-experience to treat conditions and reach places that are harder to reach. A general surgeon uses controls to direct the surgical instruments that are much smaller in size and can be precisely maneuvered with human hands. The robots replicate a surgeon’s hand movements to operate; thus, minimising hand tremors. Robotics are used in various general surgery procedures where it is hard to reach for the surgeon and require precision.

What are the benefits of Robotic Surgery?

Robotic surgery has many advantages, including and not limited to:

  • Fewer tissue damage
  • Minimal blood loss
  • Faster recovery
  • Micro-precision
  • Greater flexibility while performing surgery
  • Reduced risk of infection
  • Less pain

Since surgeons can operate with enhanced precision, robotics is used in cases of general surgery such as for hernia treatment, gastric bypass and abdominal surgery.

Major Conditions treated under General Surgery and Robotics

  1. Hernia

Hernia is a common condition that occurs when the contents of a particular body cavity protrude out of the membrane in which they are contained. It is essential to get hernia treatment as it never heals on its own and gets worse over time. ‘A stitch in time saves nine’ is the apt comparison to describe the progression of hernia if not operated early. A noticeable bulge is present which appears while standing or during strain. It might become painful, depending on case to case. However, surgery is the only option for hernia treatment. 

  1. Gastric Bypass

Gastric bypass or gastric bypass surgery is a common weight loss procedure that alters the stomach and intestines in how they handle the food consumed. It is one of the well-researched methods of weight loss using a surgery. ‘The Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)’ is the most common gastric bypass surgery. The surgery creates a small pouch from the stomach that restricts high intake of food. It helps in promoting smaller meals that eventually leads to consuming fewer calories. With a gastric bypass surgery long-term weight loss is sustained, and since robotics technology is used, a patient can expect minimal pain and may also be able to walk on the same day. 

  1. Abdominal Surgery

Abdominal surgery is a broad term that involves procedures of the abdomen. There are many types of abdominal surgeries such as Laparoscopic or Open, Appendicectomy,  Cholecystectomy, Inguinal hernia surgery,  and many more.

Department of General Surgery and Robotics: Condition & Treatments

Anal Fissure

Anal fissure is a tear in the lining of the anus, the opening through which the stool is passed out of the body. An anal fissure can occur for multiple reasons. However, the most common is passing large or hard stools during a bowel movement. Anal fissures can cause a sensation of tearing, burning, or tipping during bowel movement. Anal fissures are quite common and can occur in anyone at any age. However, they are often confused with other anal conditions, like haemorrhoids. Symptoms Common symptoms of an anal fissure include: Sharp pain during bowel movement Constipation Visible tear in the anus Discomfort or itching in the anal area Streaks of blood on the stool A small lump on the skin near the anus Causes Anal fissures usually occur due to hard or large bowel movements. The condition is caused by trauma to the inner lining of the anus. Chronic constipation can also tear the skin around the anus, causing an anal fissure. It can also be caused due to anal stretching. In some cases, an anal fissure may develop due to underlying conditions like herpes, syphilis, HIV, and more. Other causes include: Spastic anal sphincter muscles Scarring in the anal area Decreased blood flow to the anorectal area Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease Chronic diarrhoea Anal intercourse Childbirth Post-radiation therapy - local radiation Types Anal fissures can be classified as follows: Acute Anal Fissure: These fissures are healed within six weeks by conservative treatment. Chronic Anal Fissures: These fissures can persist for more than six weeks. These types of fissures may need surgical treatment. Apart from this, anal fissures are categorised as primary and secondary fissures. The primary anal fissure is short-lived and occurs due to an injury to the local tissues. The injury may be caused due to passage or large or hard stools, chronic diarrhoea, childbirth, and more. Secondary anal fissures often occur due to an underlying condition or surgeries in the anus, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, and more. Diagnosis Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and will perform a physical examination to look at the anal fissure by proctoscope if needed, or possible sigmoidoscopy is recommended. Treatment & Procedure Treatment for anal fissure may not be necessary as it often heals within a few weeks with conservative treatment. However, in chronic anal fissures, the doctor might recommend surgery. Medications: Antibiotics are advised to treat the anal fissures. The doctor may also recommend using over-the-counter stool softeners, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) ointment, and calcium-channel blockers to treat anal fissures. Botox Injections: In some cases, the doctor may recommend Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injection into the anal sphincter. The injection temporarily paralyses the muscle, which helps speed healing and relieves pain caused due to anal fissures. Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy: The surgeon makes an incision on a small portion of the anal sphincter muscle, which reduces spam and pain. Sitz Baths:Soaking the anal region in warm water for 10 to 20 minutes several times a day can help to relax the anal muscles and promote a speedy recovery. Risks Anal fissures are generally non-threatening and heal within a few weeks. However, it can result in other complications like chronic anal fissures, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas, and anal stenosis in some instances. Recovery & Outlook The outlook for anal fissure is generally good. Acute fissures can be easily treated with home treatment, including using stool softeners, lifestyle changes, a high-fibre diet, sitz baths, and more. However, not all fissures are healed with home treatment. In this case, surgical treatments are required. After the surgery, most patients can return to day-to-day work after a few days. Total recovery can take 6 to 10 weeks. But in some refractory cases of acute fissures in ano - Lateral sphincterotomy (LSIS) may be needed. Review Reviewed by Dr. Alok Gupta, Associate Director, Institute of Minimal Access, Laparoscopic & Bariatric Surgery on 11-August-2023.

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Anal Fistula

Anal fistula is a condition that can cause significant discomfort and pain. Understanding the challenges faced by patients with anal fistula, Max Hospitals provide comprehensive care addressing both physical and emotional aspects of this condition. We offer a range of treatments for anal fistula, including minimally invasive procedures, to help patients achieve optimal healing, allowing them to resume their normal lives as soon as possible. As a hospital committed to offering world-class care, we also provide personalised support and guidance throughout the treatment process, to help patients manage the symptoms and cope with the impact of anal fistula on their daily lives.

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Gangrene

Gangrene is the death of body tissues due to the lack of blood flow or any bacterial infection. It is an accumulation of dead tissue that may affect any part of the body, but it usually starts in the fingers, hands, toes, and feet. It can also affect internal organs and muscles depending on the extremities. Gangrene causes severe pain, numbness, and aching in the infected area, followed by foul discharge. Gangrene has many different types; all of them need urgent medical care. The risk of gangrene is higher if one has a medical history of diabetes or atherosclerotic arteries, which causes damage to blood vessels and affects blood flow. Treatment for gangrene includes surgery, antibiotics, and oxygen therapy. The earlier the treatment, the better the chances of recovery.

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

This is typically a condition in which the stomach contents (food or liquid) move backwards from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach). This movement can irritate the esophagus resulting into heartburn and other symptoms.

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Piles (Haemorrhoids)

At Max Hospital, we understand that dealing with piles (haemorrhoids) can be both physically and emotionally taxing. Aligned with the understanding, our dedicated proctology team, comprising seasoned colorectal surgeons and compassionate nursing staff, prioritises your comfort and dignity throughout the treatment process. Utilising state-of-the-art technology and evidence-based medical approaches, we develop personalised treatment plans that not only address the immediate symptoms but also aim to prevent future occurrences. Our commitment to delivering holistic care and advanced therapeutic options affirms our reputation as a premier centre for piles treatment in Delhi, ensuring that patients can return to their daily lives with relief and confidence.

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Rectal Prolapse

Rectal Prolapse is a condition in which the rectum (distal most part of large intestine just above the anal canal) protrudes out of the anal opening due to stretching or disruption of its attachments to the posterior abdominal wall.

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Varicose Veins

Varicose veins also called varicose or varicosities, are swollen blood vessels that appear just under the skin’s surface. Varicose veins occur when the veins get enlarged or overfilled with blood. Although varicose veins can cause discomfort, they are usually harmless. They generally have bluish-purple hues and are found in the legs and feet. Varicose veins are relatively a common condition. Researchers have found out that around 25 percent of all adults suffer from this condition.

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Our Medical Experts

Max Healthcare is home to 5000 eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective fields. Additionally, they are renowned for developing innovative and revolutionary clinical procedures.

Our Medical Experts

Max Healthcare is home to 5000 eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective fields. Additionally, they are renowned for developing innovative and revolutionary clinical procedures.

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