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Epistaxis is medical terminology for nosebleeds. Generally, it is not caused by any underlying illness. Bleeding in this condition may range from a minor flow to a strong flow, enabling consequences from minor annoyance to life-threatening conditions. The blood may flow down into the stomach and cause vomiting or nausea.
The nose part of the body is exposed and is rich in blood vessels. These blood vessels may bleed due to several reasons. Some of them include facial trauma, drying out of the nasal membrane, crust, or crack due to dryness in the climate. They are located in the inner lining of the nose.
Nosebleed is the loss of blood from the inner lining tissue of the nose. There are mainly two types of nose bleeding:
These originate from the back of the nose, near the throat. They are heavier and harder to control. It may require medical attention.
These originate from the front of the nose. They are more fluent and usually not serious.
Most of the nasal bleeding is anterior. It originated from a plexus of blood vessels in the anterior underlying septum, also known as Kiesselbach's area.
Posterior Nosebleeds are less common but more serious. They originate in the posterior septum lying over the vomer bone or on the inferior/middle turbinate. Posterior nosebleeds usually occur in patients who have undergone nasal or sinus surgery or face pre-existing bleeding disorders.
Several symptoms can be noticed during epistaxis. Some of the common ones are listed below:
A nosebleed can be triggered by common situations.
Hypertension is prevalent when patients present with acute bleeding. The undiagnosed hypertension incidences found are no higher than they would be predicted in the estimated population. Systematic research and review found that a total of six out of nine studies agree that the pressure of arterial epistaxis is higher than the posterior nosebleeds.
A routine laboratory check-up is not mandated to diagnose the illness. Nosebleeds are harmless, self-limiting, and impulsive. Patients with signs of reluctant or severe epistaxis must have Complete Blood Count (CBC), Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) as well as Prothrombin Time(PT).
There are two categories of Epistaxis: Anterior and Posterior. They can be differentiated during clinical management. Tropical spray with epinephrine and anaesthetic can be helpful for vasoconstriction to enable visualization of the source of bleeding.
Epistaxis can be self-treated in the case of minor blood flow.
In the case of excessive bleeding, one must seek medical care. Visit a doctor shortly in case of:
Complications of epistaxis include medical conditions such as Haemorrhagic shock, Aspiration, Septic shock, Sinusitis, Cerebral abscess, Pneumocephalus, Septal pressure necrosis, Epiphora (from blockage of the lacrimal duct), Neurogenic syncope during packing, and Hypoxia (from impaired nasal air movement)
There are certain traditional risk factors for epistaxis:
Max Healthcare is home to 4800+ eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective fields. Additionally, they are renowned for developing innovative and revolutionary clinical procedures.
Max Healthcare is home to 4800+ eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective fields. Additionally, they are renowned for developing innovative and revolutionary clinical procedures.
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