Best Uveitis (Eye Inflammation) Treatment in Delhi, India

Uveitis refers to the inflammation of the uvea, which is the eye's middle layer encompassing the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. This condition can impact one or both eyes and may arise at any age. It is a significant eye issue that necessitates immediate medical care to avoid complications like vision loss.

Types of Uveitis

• Anterior uveitis: Anterior uveitis is the most common type and affects the front part of the uvea,that is the iris. Symptoms include eye pain, redness, and light sensitivity. It can be acute or chronic.
• Intermediate uveitis: Intermediate uveitis affects the middle part of the uvea, primarily the ciliary body. Symptoms often include floaters and blurred vision. This type is often associated with autoimmune diseases.
• Posterior uveitis: Posterior uveitis affects the back part of the uvea, including the retina and choroid. Symptoms include vision loss, floaters, and eye heaviness. It is often caused by infections or systemic diseases.
• Panuveitis: Panuveitis involves inflammation of all parts of the uvea, including the anterior, intermediate, and posterior segments. It can cause severe vision problems and requires comprehensive treatment.

Symptoms of Uveitis

• Eye redness: One of the most common symptoms of uveitis is redness of the eye. This occurs due to inflammation of the blood vessels in the uvea.
• Eye pain: Uveitis often causes significant eye pain ranging from mild to severe. The pain is usually worse when the eye is exposed to bright light.
• Blurred vision: Blurred vision often occurs due to inflammation and fluid accumulation in the eye, which affects its clarity.
• Light sensitivity: Sensitivity to light, or photophobia, is common in individuals with anterior uveitis. Being in bright environments can be quite challenging.
• Floaters: Floaters, or small spots that drift through the field of vision, are common in intermediate and posterior uveitis due to inflammation in the vitreous body.

What Causes Uveitis?

• Infections: Various infections, including viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, can lead to uveitis. Common infectious causes include herpes simplex, syphilis, and tuberculosis.
• Systemic diseases: Autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, lupus etc. can cause uveitis. These conditions trigger the body's immune system to attack the uvea.
• Injuries: Eye injuries, including blunt trauma or penetrating wounds, can cause inflammation and lead to uveitis. Even surgeries involving the eye can sometimes trigger this condition.
• Medications: Certain medications, including some antibiotics, antivirals, and medicines used to treat other inflammatory conditions, can cause uveitis as a side effect.
• Allergy: Any type of food allergy can lead to uveitis.

Complications of Uveitis

• Glaucoma: Glaucoma, a condition marked by increased intraocular pressure, can develop as a complication of uveitis. This condition poses a risk of damaging the optic nerve, potentially resulting in vision loss.
• Cataracts: Cataracts, or clouding of the eye's lens, can occur due to chronic inflammation from uveitis. This condition can significantly impair vision.
• Macular edema: Macular edema, which is the swelling of the central part of the retina (macula), is a serious complication of uveitis. It can cause severe vision distortion and loss.
• Retinal detachment: Retinal detachment, where the retina separates from the back of the eye, can occur in severe cases of uveitis. This condition needs urgent medical care to avoid the risk of blindness.

How is Uveitis Diagnosed?

• Comprehensive eye exam: An ophthalmologist's thorough examination is crucial for diagnosing uveitis. This includes checking for signs of inflammation and assessing vision.
• Blood tests: Blood tests can help identify underlying causes of uveitis, such as infections or autoimmune diseases. These tests are essential for guiding treatment.
• Imaging tests: Imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT) BS scan  and fluorescein angiography are used to assess the retina and other eye structures for signs of inflammation and injury.
• Diagnostic procedures: In some cases, procedures like a lumbar puncture or biopsy may be necessary to identify the cause of uveitis, especially if it is caused by systemic diseases or infections. At times vitreous biopsy or anterior chamber fluid examination is also required.

How is Uveitis Treated?

• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids are commonly used to reduce inflammation in uveitis. They can be administered as eye drops, oral medications, or injections.
• Immunosuppressive drugs are used in severe or chronic cases of uveitis to control inflammation and prevent recurrence. They are typically used when corticosteroids are not effective or contraindicated.
• Antiviral or antibiotic medications: If an infection causes uveitis, antiviral or antibiotic medications are prescribed to address the underlying infection and reduce inflammation.
• Surgical interventions: In cases where uveitis leads to complications like glaucoma cataracts or retinal detachment  surgical interventions may be necessary to manage these conditions and preserve vision.

Can Uveitis Be Prevented?

• Regular eye check-ups: Regular eye examinations can help detect uveitis early and prevent complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing this condition effectively.
• Managing underlying conditions: Controlling systemic diseases like autoimmune disorders can help prevent uveitis. This involves regular monitoring and treatment of these conditions.
• Avoiding eye injuries: Protecting the eyes from injuries by wearing appropriate protective gear during activities that pose a risk can help prevent trauma-induced uveitis.
• Medication management: Carefully managing medications and discussing potential side effects with a healthcare provider can help reduce the risk of drug-induced uveitis.

Outlook

Uveitis is a serious eye condition requiring prompt medical intervention to avert complications such as loss of vision. Understanding the various types, symptoms, causes, and available treatment options is essential for effective management. Regular eye check-ups and managing underlying conditions play a significant role in preventing uveitis. If you notice any signs of uveitis, it's crucial to consult a doctor immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is there a natural cure for uveitis?

There is no natural cure for uveitis. Treatment usually includes medications to reduce inflammation and address the underlying cause.

What is the difference between uveitis and conjunctivitis?

Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, while conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva. Uveitis is more serious and can lead to vision loss.

Is uveitis contagious?

Uveitis itself is not contagious. However, if it results from an infection caused by a virus or bacteria, that infection could be contagious.

What foods reduce eye inflammation?

Consuming foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins—like fish, leafy vegetables, and berries—can aid in lowering inflammation throughout the body, including in the eyes.

Can you live a normal life with uveitis?

Yes, with the proper treatment and consistent follow-up care, numerous individuals suffering from uveitis can effectively control their condition and live a normal life.

Does uveitis lead to blindness?

Untreated uveitis can result in serious complications, including glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal detachment, all of which may ultimately lead to vision loss.

Review 

Reviewed By Dr Abhishek Varshney  - Senior Consultant - Ophthalmology Eye Care / Ophthalmology on 28 Aug 2024.