Best Jaundice Treatment in Delhi, India

Jaundice is a medical condition that causes yellowing of the skin and whitening of the eyes. The discolouration occurs because of an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells, in the blood. Though Jaundice is not a disease in itself, it is a sign of an underlying condition affecting the liver, gallbladder, or blood.

There are three main types of jaundice, each with different underlying causes:

Pre-Hepatic Jaundice

• Cause: This type occurs before bilirubin is processed by the liver. It is often due to excessive breakdown of red blood cells, which can lead to an overload of bilirubin. Conditions such as hemolytic anaemia or certain genetic disorders can lead to pre-hepatic jaundice.
• Characteristics: Elevated levels of unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin are typically found.

Hepatic Jaundice

• Cause: This type originates from problems within the liver itself, affecting its ability to process bilirubin. Liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver damage from toxins or alcohol can cause hepatic jaundice.

• Characteristics: Both unconjugated (indirect) and conjugated (direct) bilirubin levels may be elevated, depending on the extent of liver dysfunction.

Post-Hepatic Jaundice

• Cause: This type occurs after bilirubin has been processed by the liver but cannot be excreted properly. It is usually due to obstructions in the bile ducts, such as gallstones, tumours, or strictures that block the bile flow.
• Characteristics: Elevated levels of conjugated (direct) bilirubin are usually observed, and it may be accompanied by dark urine and pale stools.

Here are some of the key factors that can increase the risk of jaundice:

• Age: Newborns are at higher risk due to underdeveloped liver function.
• Liver Disease History: Previous or existing liver conditions increase susceptibility.
• Family History: Genetic disorders affecting bilirubin metabolism can be inherited.
• Alcohol Use: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage.
• Certain Medications: Some drugs can cause liver damage or disrupt bilirubin processing.

The primary symptom of jaundice is the yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (sclerae). Other associated symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause of the jaundice:

• Skin and Eye Yellowing: The most noticeable sign of jaundice is a yellowish tint in the skin and eyes.
• Dark Urine: Urine may become dark yellow or brown due to the presence of excess bilirubin.
• Pale Stools: Stools may appear lighter in colour if bile is not reaching the intestines.
• Itching: Elevated bilirubin levels can cause itching or pruritus.
• Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain, particularly in the upper right abdomen, might occur if jaundice is due to liver or bile duct issues.
• Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms can accompany jaundice, especially if it's related to liver disease.
• Fatigue: Generalised tiredness or weakness can be a symptom, especially in chronic liver conditions.
• Fever: In some cases, especially if an infection is involved, fever might be present.

Diagnosing jaundice involves several steps to determine the underlying cause:

Medical History and Physical Examination

First, the doctor asks about symptoms, medical history, and any recent changes in health or lifestyle. Then, a physical examination is conducted to assess for signs of liver disease, such as tenderness in the liver area.

Blood Tests

• Liver Function Tests (LFTs): These tests measure levels of liver enzymes (such as AST, ALT), bilirubin, and other substances to assess liver function.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test can help identify conditions like anaemia or infections that might cause jaundice.
• Bilirubin Levels: Tests to measure both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin levels in the blood help determine the type of jaundice.

Imaging Tests

• Ultrasound: An abdominal ultrasound can visualise the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder to detect obstructions or structural abnormalities.
• CT Scan or MRI: These may be used for a more detailed view of the liver and bile ducts if needed.

Liver Biopsy

In some cases, a liver biopsy may be performed to obtain a sample of liver tissue for examination, helping diagnose chronic liver conditions or specific liver diseases.

Urine and Stool Tests

Analysis of urine and stool can provide additional information on the presence of bilirubin or other substances indicative of liver dysfunction.

Jaundice requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Effective treatment is based on identifying and addressing this root cause. Here is a detailed overview of how jaundice is treated:

Diagnosis and Initial Management

After diagnosing jaundice, the doctor suggests a treatment plan based on the cause. Treatment may involve medical or surgical options and hospital admission may be required in some cases for further care and monitoring.

Antiviral and Steroid Medications

If jaundice is due to viral hepatitis, antiviral medications are prescribed to help control the infection and reduce liver inflammation. In situations where inflammation is a significant factor, corticosteroids may be used to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation.

Medication Adjustments

When jaundice is a side effect of a particular medication, adjustments to the medication regimen are made. This could involve changing to a different medication or altering the dosage to prevent further complications.

Surgical Interventions

In cases where jaundice is caused by gallstones, surgery to remove the gallbladder may be necessary. Gallstones can block bile flow, leading to jaundice. For jaundice resulting from bile duct obstructions, such as from tumours or other blockages, surgery may be required to remove the obstruction and restore normal bile flow.

Iron Supplements and Dietary Changes

For jaundice linked to anaemia, particularly if due to iron deficiency, iron supplements or dietary changes rich in iron are recommended. This helps improve red blood cell production and reduces the excess bilirubin causing jaundice.

Supportive and Lifestyle Measures

Supportive care includes maintaining proper hydration, a balanced diet, and overall health monitoring. Lifestyle changes, such as avoiding alcohol and following a healthy diet, can support liver function and aid recovery.

Hospitalisation

In more severe cases, or when intensive treatment is needed, hospitalisation may be required. This allows for close monitoring and immediate intervention if necessary.

The complications of jaundice depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some potential complications include:

• Liver failure: This can occur if the liver damage is extensive.
• Kidney failure: In severe cases, jaundice can lead to kidney dysfunction.
• Brain damage: In newborns, untreated jaundice can cause brain damage, a condition known as kernicterus.
• Malnutrition: Jaundice can affect digestion and absorption of nutrients, leading to malnutrition.
• Increased risk of infections: Jaundice can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.

Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent these complications.

While not all cases of jaundice can be prevented, some general measures can help reduce the risk:

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption can help protect liver health.
• Practise safe sex: Prevent sexually transmitted infections like hepatitis B and C.
• Ensure proper hygiene: Good hand hygiene can help prevent infections that can lead to jaundice.
• Get Vaccinated: Getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B can provide protection.
• Ensure newborn care: Regular check-ups for newborns can help detect jaundice early and prevent complications.

If you have concerns about jaundice or are experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare provider, immediately.

1. Is jaundice contagious?

No, jaundice itself is not contagious. However, the underlying condition causing it might be infectious, like hepatitis A or B.

2. Is jaundice a serious condition?

Not always. While jaundice can indicate a serious underlying liver problem, it can also be caused by milder conditions. The severity depends on the underlying cause.

3. How long does jaundice last?

The duration of jaundice varies depending on the underlying cause. It can last from a few days to several weeks or even months.

4. Can jaundice lead to other health problems?

Yes, if left untreated, jaundice can lead to complications such as liver failure, kidney problems, brain damage (in newborns), and malnutrition.

5. What is the difference between jaundice in adults and newborns?

Jaundice in newborns is often due to an immature liver, while in adults, it's usually caused by liver disease, gallbladder problems, or other conditions. Also, the treatment approach in newborns is different from that in adults

6. Can diet play a role in managing jaundice symptoms or preventing its recurrence?

While diet alone won't cure jaundice, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can support overall liver health. For specific dietary recommendations, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider or certified dietitian.

7. Are there specific exercises or physical activities that are beneficial for individuals with jaundice?

Generally, light physical activity like walking or swimming can be beneficial. However, it's important to listen to your body and avoid overexertion. Consult with your doctor before starting any new exercise regimen.

8. How can stress management techniques help individuals cope with jaundice?

Stress can affect liver health, so incorporating stress management techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing can be helpful. These practices also help improve overall well-being.

9. Can alternative therapies or supplements be used to manage jaundice symptoms?

While some alternative therapies might offer relief from certain symptoms, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before trying them. That’s because some substances can interfere with ongoing medications or even worsen liver conditions.

10. How does jaundice affect a person's energy levels and daily routine?

Jaundice can cause fatigue, impacting daily activities. It's essential to listen to your body, rest when needed, and prioritise tasks.

11. What are some tips for maintaining social interactions while dealing with jaundice?

Open communication with friends and family about your condition can be helpful. It's okay to decline social commitments if you're feeling overwhelmed. Finding supportive social connections can also be beneficial.

12. Can jaundice impact one’s performance at work?

Depending on the severity of jaundice and its underlying cause, it can affect performance at work. Open communication with employers about one’s condition can help manage expectations.

13. How can individuals with jaundice manage their emotional well-being?

Seeking emotional support from friends, family, or a mental health professional can be helpful. Also, one can join support groups that can provide valuable coping strategies and connections with others facing similar challenges.

14. Is jaundice more common in certain ethnic or racial groups?

Some liver diseases associated with jaundice have higher prevalence rates in specific populations. For example, hepatitis B is more common in Asian populations.

15. How does jaundice affect pregnant women and their unborn babies?

Jaundice during pregnancy can pose risks to both mother and baby. Close monitoring by healthcare providers is essential to manage potential complications.

16. What are the challenges faced by caregivers of individuals with jaundice?

Caregivers often experience physical, emotional, and financial burdens. Seeking support from other caregivers or support groups can be beneficial.

17. What are the specific precautions individuals with jaundice must take when travelling?

It’s best to consult with one’s doctor before travelling. The doctor will provide specific recommendations based on the individual's condition and destination.

Reviewed By Dr Sumit Sethi - Attending Consultant Internal Medicine on 08 Oct 2024.