Enchondroma Tumour Treatment in Delhi, India

An enchondroma is a type of benign bone tumour that originates from the cartilage within the bones. It typically forms in the long bones of the hands and feet and, less frequently, in the ribs, femur, or humerus. Enchondromas are non-cancerous and usually develop during childhood or early adolescence, though they can be found in adults. While these tumours are generally harmless, they may require monitoring or treatment if they cause pain, fractures, or other complications.

Symptoms of Enchondroma

Enchondromas often go unnoticed as they typically do not cause symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Pain: Especially in the affected bone, which may worsen with activity.
• Swelling: A noticeable swelling or lump may develop over the tumour site.
• Bone weakness: The affected bone may weaken, increasing the risk of fractures.
• Deformities: Deformities may develop in some cases, particularly with enchondroma in the fingers or hands.

Causes of Enchondroma

The exact cause of enchondroma needs to be better understood. However, it is believed to result from the abnormal growth of cartilage cells within the bone marrow. Genetic factors may play a role, especially in conditions like enchondromatosis, where multiple enchondromas develop. When accompanied by soft tissue tumours and vascular anomalies, this condition is also known as Ollier disease or Maffucci syndrome.

How is an Enchondroma Diagnosed?

Diagnosing an enchondroma typically involves imaging studies and a physical examination:

• X-ray: Enchondromas often appear on X-rays as small, dark areas within the bone, indicating areas of cartilage.
• MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed images of the tumour and surrounding soft tissues, helping to assess the size and extent of the enchondroma.
• CT scan: A computed tomography (CT) scan may be used to evaluate the bone structure and detect any changes in the bone caused by the tumour.

How is an Enchondroma Treated?

Treatment for enchondroma depends on the size, location, and symptoms associated with the tumour:

• Observation: Small, asymptomatic enchondromas are often monitored with regular imaging to ensure they do not grow or cause complications.
• Surgery: If the enchondroma is causing pain, deformity, or increasing the risk of fracture, surgical removal may be recommended. The procedure involves removing the tumour and filling the cavity with bone graft or synthetic material to restore bone strength.
• Curettage: This is a common surgical technique where the tumour is scraped out of the bone. The cavity is then filled with bone graft or other material to prevent recurrence.
• Bone grafting: A surgical technique that involves the transplantation of healthy bone tissue from a different location within the body to the area that requires repair or regeneration.

How is an Enchondroma Prevented?

Currently, there are no known preventive measures for enchondroma, as the exact cause is unclear. Regular check-ups and imaging can help detect any changes in the tumour early, especially for individuals with a history of enchondromatosis or other related conditions.

Outlook

The outlook for individuals with enchondroma is generally positive, especially when the tumour is detected early and managed appropriately. Most enchondromas remain benign and do not pose a significant health risk. However, in rare cases, an enchondroma can transform into a chondrosarcoma, a type of bone cancer, especially in adults. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential to promptly address any changes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What parts of my body can an enchondroma affect?

Enchondromas can affect the bones in the hands, feet, ribs, femur, and humerus, but they are most commonly found in the small bones of the hands and feet. 

How long will it take to recover from enchondroma surgery?

Recovery time from enchondroma surgery varies but typically ranges from a few weeks to several months, depending on the size and location of the tumour and the type of surgery performed.

Can an enchondroma turn cancerous?

While most enchondromas remain benign, there is a small risk of malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma, particularly in adults or those with multiple enchondromas.

Are enchondromas hereditary?

Enchondromas are not typically hereditary, though conditions like enchondromatosis, which involve multiple enchondromas, may have a genetic component.

At what age do people get enchondromas?

Enchondromas most commonly develop in children and young adults, though they can occur at any age.

What is the difference between an enchondroma and a chondrosarcoma?

An enchondroma is a benign cartilage tumour, while chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilage tumour. The latter requires more aggressive treatment and has a different prognosis.

Review 

Reviewed By Dr Akshay Tiwari - Senior Director - Musculoskeletal Oncology on 20 Sep 2024.