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Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) Treatment in Delhi, India
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Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any bleeding from the uterus that is longer than usual or occurs at an irregular time. Bleeding could be lighter or heavier than usual and may occur often or randomly. So, any deviation from your usual pattern of menses (periods) comes under abnormal uterine bleeding.
Abnormal uterine bleeding may:
- Look like spotting or bleeding between your periods.
- Occur after sexual intercourse.
- Be prolonged or heavier than a normal menstrual cycle.
- Occur after menopause.
What are the Causes of AUB?
In many individuals, AUB is caused by hormonal imbalance. It can also occur due to:
- Thickening of the uterine wall or lining
- Uterine fibroids
- Uterine polyps
- Cancers of ovaries, uterus, cervix, or vagina
- Bleeding disorders or problems with blood clotting
- PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)
- Severe weight loss
- Hormonal birth control like birth control medications or intrauterine devices (IUD)
- Excessive weight gain or loss (more than 4.5 kilograms)
- Infection of the uterus or cervix
Diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
It is essential to understand the cause of abnormal bleeding. It can be done by:
- Pelvic examination
- Ultrasound
- Paps smear- screening test for cancer cervix
- Hormone tests in blood like thyroid and prolactin
- Pregnancy test
- Hysteroscopy- examination of the inside of the uterus and its lining with a camera.
- Endometrial biopsy- to rule out any cancer or pre-cancerous conditions like hyperplasias.
Treatment of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
The treatment modalities include medications or surgical methods:
- Medicines – There are non-hormonal and hormonal medications depending on the diagnosis.
- Surgical – Surgical methods may include:
- Hysteroscopy- A procedure through which atypical structures in the uterus, like fibroids and polyps, are removed.
- Uterine artery embolization- Stops blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
- Myomectomy- Removes fibroids while keeping the uterus intact and preserving one’s ability to get pregnant and have children.
- Endometrial ablation- Destroys the uterus lining with the use of heat, lasers, electricity, freezing, or microwave energy.
- Hysterectomy- Removal of uterus. Hysterectomy is often used when there is no relief with medication or to treat cancer or precancerous changes in the endometrium. Advanced stages of cancer may require radiation or chemotherapy.
Prevention of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
It is difficult to prevent the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. However, the risk of certain conditions leading to abnormal bleeding can be reduced. For instance:
- Maintaining a healthy weight to help balance hormones.
- Avoiding diets high in animal fat (it can reduce the risk of some cancers).
- Ensuring safer sexual practices as it reduces the risk of certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Abnormal uterine bleeding should never be ignored. Timely and proper diagnosis is a must to prevent complications like cancer and for further management.
Review
Reviewed By Dr Suneet Kaur Malhotra, Associate Director - Obstetrics And Gynaecology on 10 July 2024.
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