Orchitis Treatment in Delhi, India

Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testicles, often caused by an infection. This condition can result in swelling, pain, and discomfort in the affected testicle. Orchitis may occur on its own or alongside another condition, such as epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis), leading to a condition known as epididymal orchitis.

Symptoms of Orchitis

Orchitis symptoms may vary in severity but typically include:

• Pain in one or both testicles
• Swelling in the scrotum
• Tenderness in the groin area
• Fever and chills
• Nausea
• Discharge from the penis (in bacterial cases)
• Pain during urination or ejaculation 

These symptoms can last a few days, and prompt medical attention can help alleviate discomfort and prevent complications.

Causes of Orchitis

The causes of orchitis differ based on whether the infection is viral or bacterial. 

• Bacterial Orchitis: This is often linked to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea or chlamydia. It can also result from urinary tract infections (UTIs) or the spread of bacteria from other parts of the body.
• Viral Orchitis: The mumps virus is a common cause, especially in young boys. Mumps orchitis typically develops 4 to 6 days after the onset of mumps. Other causes include trauma to the testicles or conditions such as epididymo-orchitis.

Who is at Risk for Orchitis?

Certain factors increase the risk of developing orchitis, including:

• Unprotected sex: Engaging in sexual activities without protection increases the risk of STIs that can lead to orchitis.
• Mumps infection: Mumps is a common cause of orchitis, especially in unvaccinated individuals.
• Urinary tract infections: Men with recurring UTIs or prostate infections may also develop orchitis.
• Age: Men over the age of 45 are more likely to experience non-sexually transmitted bacterial orchitis.

How is Orchitis Diagnosed?

Diagnosing orchitis typically involves: 

• Physical examination: A healthcare provider will examine the testicles for swelling, tenderness, and other signs of infection.
• Urine and blood tests: These help identify bacterial or viral infections.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound may be recommended to rule out other conditions, such as testicular torsion, which presents similar symptoms.
• STI testing: If an STI is suspected, specific tests for gonorrhoea or chlamydia may be performed.

What are the Complications of Orchitis?

Without timely treatment, orchitis can lead to complications, such as: 

• Chronic pain: Persistent discomfort in the affected testicle.
• Infertility: Orchitis, especially when caused by mumps, can lead to decreased sperm production and fertility issues.
• Abscess formation: Pus may accumulate in the testicle, requiring drainage or surgery.

How is Orchitis Treated?

The treatment for orchitis depends on the cause: 

• Bacterial Orchitis: Antibiotics are prescribed to fight the infection. Painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications may also be recommended to manage symptoms.
• Viral Orchitis: There is no cure for viral orchitis, but symptoms can be managed with rest, ice packs, and over-the-counter pain relievers.

In either case, supportive care, such as wearing an athletic supporter to ease discomfort, is also advised. Recovery time typically ranges from a few days to a week, depending on the severity of the condition.

Prevention of Orchitis

You can reduce the risk of orchitis through the following measures:

• Practice safe sex: Use condoms to lower the risk of STIs.
• Get vaccinated: The mumps vaccine (part of the MMR vaccine) significantly reduces the risk of mumps-related orchitis.
• Avoid UTIs: Take steps to prevent urinary tract infections, such as staying hydrated and maintaining good hygiene.

When Should I Call the Doctor?

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Sudden or severe pain in the testicles
• Swelling, redness, or warmth in the scrotum
• Pain during urination or sexual intercourse
• Fever or chills along with testicular pain 

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

Outlook

The outlook for orchitis depends on its cause and how quickly it is treated. In most cases, symptoms improve within a few days with proper care, though complete recovery may take a few weeks. For individuals with mumps-related orchitis, there is a small risk of infertility, particularly if both testicles are affected. Early treatment is essential for avoiding long-term complications.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best treatment for orchitis?

The best treatment depends on the cause. Bacterial orchitis requires antibiotics, while viral orchitis is managed with pain relievers, rest, and supportive care. 

Can orchitis go away?

Yes, with proper treatment, orchitis typically resolves within a few weeks. However, untreated cases may lead to complications.

How do mumps cause orchitis?

Mumps orchitis occurs when the mumps virus spreads to the testicles, causing inflammation. This is more common in boys after puberty.

Can sperm buildup cause pain?

Yes, extended periods of sexual inactivity can cause sperm to accumulate, potentially leading to discomfort or pain.

Is orchitis cancerous?

No, orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles, not cancer. However, persistent pain or swelling should always be evaluated by a doctor.

Review 

Reviewed By Dr. Vivek Vasudeo, Consultant - Urology on 11 Sep 2024.