Ostomy Surgery in Delhi, India

As mentioned before, Ostomy surgery involves creating a stoma (an opening in the abdomen) to divert waste from the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. When these systems are impaired by acute or chronic illness, injury, or certain cancers, they may fail to function properly. This can lead to the accumulation of waste or toxins in the body, which may become life-threatening. Ostomy surgery helps safeguard health and improve the patient’s quality of life by creating an alternative pathway for waste elimination.

There are several types of ostomy surgeries, each designed to address different medical needs:

• Colostomy: Diverts a section of the colon to a stoma in the abdominal wall, allowing faeces to bypass the the non-functioning part of the colon.
• Ileostomy: Redirects the small intestine to a stoma; typically required for conditions affecting the large intestine.
• Urostomy: Redirects urine to a stoma in the abdomen, often performed in severe cases of bladder disease or cancer.

Ostomy surgery may be necessary for conditions such as:

• Colorectal cancer
• Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or other types of inflammatory bowel diseases.
• Diverticulitis
• Major trauma within the abdominal cavity
• Urinary incontinence or bladder cancer

The patients will be first evaluated on various parameters before the operation. This includes blood tests, and imaging to ensure that the patient is fit for surgery. A stoma nurse will explain all about the surgery and post-surgery care. Patients will also be given instructions on diet and medications.

While undergoing the surgery, the patients will be under general anaesthesia. The surgeon will build a stoma by redirecting some portion of the digestive or urinary system to the skin of the abdomen. The stoma will then be shaped and sutured that will enable waste elimination. The surgery normally takes several hours and after the operation is over the patient is shifted to the recovery section to be observed as the effects of the anaesthetic wear off.

Following the surgery, patients will stay in the hospital for several days to ensure they fully recover. Painkillers will be prescribed, and patients will be instructed on how to care for their stoma, including cleaning and changing the ostomy bag. A balanced diet may be recommended initially, with foods gradually reintroduced. Most patients are able to resume normal activities over time with proper guidance.

Ostomy surgery offers several benefits, particularly for those with chronic or life-threatening conditions:

• Improved Quality of Life: Ostomy surgery enables patients to manage pain, infection, and discomfort, helping them regain control of their daily lives.
• Enhanced Digestive or Urinary Function: Ostomies improves the functioning of the digestive or urinary systems when the natural pathways are impaired or unable to process waste effectively.
• Life-Saving Solution: While not a cure, an ostomy is often a critical procedure to prevent life-threatening complications.

While ostomy surgery is generally safe, it comes with certain risks:

• Infection: Like any surgery, there is always a possibility of contracting an infection at the operation site or around the stoma. This risk can however be avoided through proper hygiene and stoma care.
• Skin Irritation: The surrounding skin of the stoma can become raw or sensitive.
• Hernia or Prolapse: Sometimes, the intestine may herniate or prolapse through the stoma opening since the muscles of the abdominal wall have been compromised.
• Psychological Adjustment: Patients may feel upset, depressed or embarrassed as they change their way of disposing wastes. It is good to have support networks and mental health interventions.
• Blockages: Sometimes, the stoma may be blocked, and this may need a change in diet or a medical intervention.

1. How long does it take to fully recover from ostomy surgery?

Recovery time may vary depending on the individual, but a typical patient may be hospitalised for 3 to 7 days after the surgery. It may take several weeks to a few months to return to normal activity levels, depending on the type of ostomy created and the overall health of the patient.

2. Can I have a normal life after ostomy surgery?

Most ostomy patients can resume their daily routines after the surgery, but it may take time to adapt to changes such as emptying the ostomy bag as needed.

3. What does the stoma look like, and can it be concealed?

The stoma varies in size and shape but is typically circular and pink or red in colour. It can be concealed using an ostomy pouch or a bag, which is discreetly designed to contain waste. Most individuals are able to easily conceal the pouch underneath their clothing without experiencing any problems.

4. What should I do if I have problems with my stoma, like leakage or skin irritation?

If you experience any leaks, irritation, or any other issues with your stoma, it is advisable to consult a stoma nurse or a healthcare provider. They can assist in adjusting the pouching system, managing skin problems, and ensuring the stoma is functioning properly.

5. How frequently the ostomy bag needs to be replaced?

The frequency of ostomy bag changes depends on the type of ostomy. Typically, the bag is replaced every 3 to 7 days, but it should be checked more frequently for tears, leaks, or when it becomes full.

Reviewed by Dr. (Prof.) P. K. Mishra - Senior Director & HOD - Surgical Gastroenterology & GI Oncology Gastrointestinal Surgery on 29 Nov 2024.