Robotic Surgery for Rectal Cancer

Overview

Robotic surgery has revolutionized our approach to rectal cancer. It has given doctors a more accurate and less invasive way to diagnose and treat the disease, leading to faster healing and better results. Robotic surgery is not without its risks, however. It is important to consult with your doctor to discuss the options available and whether or not robotic surgery is right for you.

Body Location

Rectum, terminating at the anus.

How is the procedure performed?

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer is performed using a da Vinci Surgical System. This system consists of a high-definition 3D camera and four robotic arms. The surgeon sits at a console and controls the movements of the robotic arms, which are equipped with surgical instruments. The da Vinci Surgical System gives the surgeon a better view of the operative field and makes precise movements that are not possible with traditional laparoscopic surgery. Using the system also results in less blood loss and fewer complications.

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer is usually performed as an outpatient procedure.

• The patient is given general anaesthesia and is placed on their back on the operating table.
• A catheter is inserted into the bladder to drain urine during the surgery.
• The surgeon makes incisions in the abdomen and inserts the surgical instruments through these incisions.
• The camera is inserted through one of the incisions.
• The surgeon then controls the movement of the robotic arms to perform the surgery.
• After the surgery is completed, the incisions are closed with staples or stitches, and a dressing is applied.
• The patient will be taken to a recovery room to be monitored for complications.
• Most patients can go home on the same day as their surgery.

Preparation

Preparation for robotic surgery is similar to any other type of surgery. The doctor will give specific instructions on how to prepare, which may include:

• Fasting for some time before the surgery
• Avoiding certain medications or supplements that could interfere with the surgery or its aftermath
• Stopping smoking or using other tobacco products
• You must arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure and help out at home for a few days as you recover.

Type of procedure

There are three types of procedures for robotic surgery for rectal cancer.

• The first is an abdominal perineal resection (APR), which involves removing cancerous tissue from the rectum and anus.
• The second is a low anterior resection (LAR), which removes cancerous tissue from the rectum and a portion of the lower intestine.
• The third is pelvic exenteration, a more extensive surgery that removes cancerous tissue from the rectum, anus, and pelvic organs.

Follow up

After robotic surgery for rectal cancer, you will need to have follow-up appointments with your surgeon. At these appointments, the surgeon will check your incision site for healing and infections. They will also check your anal and rectal areas for any signs of cancer recurrence. You may also need additional imaging tests, like CT scans or MRI, to check for cancer recurrence.

Risks

There are several potential risks associated with robotic surgery for rectal cancer, including:

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Anastomotic (connection of two body parts) leakage
• Fistula formation
• Narrowing of the anal canal (stricture)
• Rectal perforation
• Sexual dysfunction

While most patients who undergo robotic surgery for rectal cancer do not experience any major complications, it is important to be aware of the potential risks before undergoing this type of surgery. If you have concerns or questions, discuss them with the surgeon before your procedure.

Recovery

Recovery after robotic surgery for rectal cancer typically takes several weeks. During this time, patients need to rest and avoid strenuous activity. They may also need to follow a special diet and take medication to manage pain and prevent infection. Physical therapy may be recommended to aid with bowel function and overall recovery. It is necessary to follow instructions provided by the surgeon and other medical professionals involved in the patient's care to ensure a smooth recovery.

FAQs

1. What is robotic surgery for rectal cancer?

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer involves removing the cancerous tumour from the rectum using a robotic surgical system. This type of surgery is used when the cancer is in its initial stages and has not spread to other body parts.

2. How does it work?

The surgeon will control the robotic surgical system, which consists of a camera and robotic arms, from a console in the operating room. The camera provides a magnified 3D view of the operative site. The surgeon makes incisions in the patient's abdomen through which the robotic arms will be inserted.

3. What are the benefits?

The benefits of robotic surgery for rectal cancer include decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stay, reduced risk of infections, and quicker return to normal activities. Additionally, this type of surgery allows the surgeon to remove the cancerous tumour with great precision while sparing healthy tissue.

4. Are there any risks?

Although complications from robotic surgery are rare, they can include bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding structures. Before undergoing this procedure, discuss all potential risks and benefits with your surgeon.

5. How do I prepare for robotic surgery for rectal cancer?

To prepare for robotic surgery for rectal cancer, you will likely need to undergo a colonoscopy or endoscopy before your procedure so that your surgeon can get a good look at the inside of your rectum. You may be asked to follow a special diet on the days leading up to surgery.

6. What can I expect after surgery?

After surgery, patients can expect to experience some pain and discomfort. Most patients stay in the hospital for a few days after surgery so that their pain can be closely monitored and managed. Once home, patients need to take it easy and avoid any strenuous activity. It is necessary to follow the surgeon's instructions for wound care and follow-up appointments.