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Cardiac Sciences

Max Institute of Heart and Vascular Sciences

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Overview

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is often interchangeably used with the term heart disease. Max Institute of Heart and Vascular Sciences, which is one of the best heart hospitals in India provides treatment for conditions like heart defects, congenital heart disease, pulmonary heart failure, and coronary artery diseases.

We are a tertiary care centre equipped with cutting edge technology to offer cardiac care program to our patients. We also offer an alternative treatment for end-stage heart failure patients with procedures like Pacemaker, ACD, CRT, Heart Hole surgeries (ASD, VSD, PDA), Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Angioplasty/Angiography.

Our Institute is a one-stop destination for several kinds of cardiac treatments like Invasive and Interventional Cardiology, Electrophysiology, pacemaker and Arrhythmia services, management of abdominal and descending thoracic aneurysm and varicose veins.

Our hospitals are equipped with state of the art Cath Labs, operation theatres, and several other heart care technologies.

What is Cardiology?

Derived from the Greek words, “Cardia” meaning heart and “logy” that means “study of”, cardiology is the branch of medicine that deals with the defects and diseases associated with the heart. Such diseases are managed by cardiologists. Max Hospitals have team of best cardiologists in India. The surgery, however, is performed by heart surgeons who specialize in surgical procedures to correct heart problems. Below are some of the important things people should know about cardiovascular diseases:

At Max Institute of Heart and Vascular Sciences, we use the latest technologies and methodologies to be the best cardiac hospital in India.

Types of Cardiovascular Diseases

Most of the heart problems occur due to structural problems, blood clots and damaged vessels. Some of the most common types of cardiovascular diseases include: Angina, Arrhythmia, Heart Attack, Heart Failure, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Congenital Heart Disease and Valvular Heart Disease

Diagnosis

Most of the cardiovascular diseases share some common signs and symptoms such as shortness of breath and pain in the chest. This leads to confusion among the patients and instead of visiting the top heart hospital in India, they start self-diagnosis or even self-treatment. Self-treatment may worsen the situation.

To avoid serious complications, people are advised to seek medical assistance and get the diagnosis done for suitable treatment done on time. We at Max Healthcare are considered as the best hospital in Delhi as we have modern diagnostic machines that give accurate results. Below are some of the common diagnostic tests that are performed to diagnose cardiovascular diseases:

  • Blood Tests - The doctors perform various lab tests to check for the usual signs of heart diseases and their risk factors. Some of the things that are checked include cholesterol level, lipid components of blood and fats.
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) - One of the most common tests, an EKG/ECG is used to record the electrical activity of the heart. An electrocardiogram shows the speed and the rhythm of the heart. During this painless test, the patient is strapped to the machine with several patches over the chest, ankles and wrists. Then, the doctor records the activities of heart on a small portable machine. This test is usually used to determine angina attack, heart attack and arrhythmias.
  • Echocardiogram - Also known as echocardiography or diagnostic cardiac ultrasound, this test is used to check the working and structure of the heart. The test uses sound waves that create a moving picture of the heart on the monitor. At times, doctors also combine echocardiography with Doppler to see the areas of the heart with poor blood supply. This is also used to check which heart muscles are not contracting normally.
  • Stress Test - This test is performed to check how the patient’s body reacts to the external stress. The patient is asked to run on a treadmill with the patches of EKG/ECG placed over their body which is used to measure the heart’s activity. People who cannot exercise are given pills that increase their heart rate.
  • Holter Monitoring - Doctors perform Holter monitoring to check irregularities in the heart rhythm which are not easily detected during an ECG exam. The portable device is usually of a camera’s size and has wires with silver dotted electrodes that are stuck on the skin. The patient needs to wear a Holter monitor to record a continuous ECG. The test lasts for at least 24 to 72 hours.
  • Cardiac Catheterization - Another test to diagnose cardiovascular disease, cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure in which doctors insert a long thin tube, known as a catheter, in an artery or vein in neck, arm or groin. The tube is then threaded through the blood vessel to the heart. A contrast dye is also inserted through the catheter to get detailed images of the valves, coronary arteries and heart chambers. The test is performed to examine the working of the heart by measuring pressure and flow of the blood.
  • Cardiac Computerized Tomography (CT) Scan - A common imaging test, a cardiac CT scan is used to collect the images of the heart and chest to check for the issues. During the test, the patients are made to lie on a table inside the machine which consists of an X-ray tube that scans the body and collects images.
  • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - This test is performed to get 3D images of the heart. This imaging test uses magnets, radio waves and a computer to create the pictures that help the doctors in determining the heart problem.

Treatments

Once the diagnosis is done, the doctors suggest the best suitable treatment for the patients. Here are some of the common treatment options that are followed for cardiovascular diseases:

  • Lifestyle Changes - Doctors advise patients to follow a healthy lifestyle that includes eating a low-fat diet, performing regular exercise, quitting smoking and alcohol.
  • Medications - In cases where lifestyle changes are not enough to treat the heart disease, the doctors prescribe medications. The prescription depends on the type of heart disease the patient has been diagnosed with.
  • Pacemakers or ICD - Mostly used for patients suffering from arrhythmia, a cardiac pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are devices that are implanted in the chest or abdomen to control irregular heartbeats. The devices are placed through minor surgery.
  • Surgery - Surgeries are also performed in severe cases when medications cannot treat the patient. Some of the common heart surgeries that are performed include coronary artery bypass grafting, Heart Valve Repair or Replacement and percutaneous coronary intervention and heart transplant. People looking for cardiology hospital in Delhi can visit our state-of-the-art facility to get the best heart surgery in Delhi. We also specialise in heart bypass surgery in India.

Cardiac Sciences: Condition & Treatments

Angina

It occurs when the heart does not get enough blood supply. This is due to the accumulation of plaque in the blood vessel which interrupts the blood flow. To restore the blood supply, heart starts beating faster and harder, and this condition is known as angina. Its signs and symptoms vary from person to person. However, some of them are common which are as follows: Discomfort, tightness or heaviness in the chest Ache in other parts of the body such as the back, shoulders, neck or jaw Shortness of breath Sweating and dizziness Nausea People who experience these symptoms must visit cardiology hospital and seek medical assistance to avoid further complications. It must be noted that the severity of angina can be different in different people. Hence, getting it diagnosed is the best step one can take to identify the underlying issue.

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Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation, also known as Afib, is a type of arrhythmia that can disturb the blood flow in the body. The heart pumps blood to the whole body with each heartbeat. The blood is pumped through two upper chambers followed by the two lower chambers. In atrial fibrillation, the upper chambers of the heartbeat irregularly, and the blood does not flow properly to the lower chambers. A-fib can increase the risk of stroke, heart-related complications, and heart failure. The atrial fibrillation episodes may come and go, or they may be persistent in nature. The condition can be treated with medications, though there may be a need for some surgical procedures in some cases.

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Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is a severe heart condition that requires immediate medical response and treatment. In cardiac arrest, there is a sudden loss of heart function. The heart stops beating or beats too fast, stopping blood circulation to the brain and entire body. As a result, people suffering from cardiac arrest collapse and turn unresponsive. The heart sends an electrical impulse that triggers each heartbeat. When this electrical impulse pattern changes abruptly, the heartbeat becomes irregular, which stops the heart from beating. With this, the heart cannot deliver oxygen-rich blood to the brain and the rest of the body. Cardiac arrest can be fatal if not treated immediately.

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Cardiac Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmia refers to a large group of conditions resulting from abnormalities in the electrical activity of the heart. It is the abnormality of the heart rhythm wherein the heart beats too slowly, rapidly, irregularly or with extra beats (premature atrial or ventricular beat). There are several ways of classifying cardiac arrhythmias. A common way is to divide them into arrhythmias originating in the upper two cardiac chambers (an atrial arrhythmia) and those arising in the ventricles. Arrhythmias that arise in the atria are: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Atrial Flutter Atrial Fibrillation Ectopic Atrial Tachycardia Arrhythmias that arise in the ventricle include: Ventricular Tachycardia Ventricular Fibrillation  

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Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a type of fat, one which is a major building block of various substances including the cell membrane of every cell in our body, digestive juices released by the gall bladder and the sex hormones. Not all cholesterol is bad. We need some cholesterol for our bodily functions and the liver can make that easily in our body. But the problem starts when the level goes beyond necessary. High cholesterol is one of the major controllable risk factors for coronary heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. The higher your blood cholesterol is, the greater your chance of developing coronary heart disease. Bad Cholesterol is scientifically referred to as LDL or Low Density Lipoprotein. The Bad cholesterol tends to block the arteries. Good Cholesterol also known as the HDL or the High Density Lipoprotein acts as a cleansing agent cleaning up the bad cholesterol from the arteries.

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Congenital Heart Disease

Also known as a congenital heart defect, this refers to the structural defect in the heart which is present at birth. The defects can be related to the heart walls, heart valves, arteries and veins near the heart. The defect affects the normal blood flow that can lead to various complications. These complications may vary, with few infants not needing treatment while others require treatments like surgery and even heart transplants. The symptoms of congenital heart disease may not occur at the time of birth and develop over time. The symptoms that do develop overtime in new-borns are listed below: Abnormal heartbeat Bluish skin, lips, toes and fingers Trouble in breathing Pain in chest Slow growth Low birth weight

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Congestive Heart Failure

Heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure, refers to an inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood needed by the body tissues, due to weakening or hardening of the heart muscles. Although heart failure often begins at the left side, it may involve pumping chambers on either side of the heart or both. It may occur progressively as a complication of other heart diseases or unexpectedly due to sudden injury to the heart muscles. Causes of heart failure include: Narrowing of the blood vessels or arteries in the heart (coronary artery disease) High blood pressure Heart defects that may present at the time of birth (congenital heart disease) Infections Long term use of specific medications (e.g. chemotherapy for cancer) Drug abuse Genetic heart diseases Too fast or too slow heartbeats Diabetes Thyroid diseases AIDS Accumulation of iron or proteins in the body Alcohol consumption Smoking Obesity Following are the types of heart failure: Left-sided heart failure – causes difficulty in breathing  Right-sided heart failure – causes swelling, especially legs Systolic heart failure – blood pumping problems Diastolic heart failure –blood filling problems

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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

A heart attack leads to permanent heart damage or death. It is also known as Myocardial Infraction, because part of the heart muscle (myocardium) might die (infraction). A heart attack occurs when one of the coronary arteries becomes severely or completely blocked, usually due to a blood clot. The severity of a heart attack generally depends on how much of the heart muscle is injured during the heart attack.

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Heart Murmur

Heart murmurs are the swishing or whooshing sound made by turbulent blood flowing across the heart valve. It passes through an abnormal heart valve, or in certain other cases, it may be possible that because of some other condition, the heart beats faster and forces the heart to handle more blood at a faster rate. Heart murmurs can exist either at birth (congenital) or develop later in life. Murmurs can be present without any medical or heart conditions. Two common examples include: Childhood murmurs Pregnancy The heart has got four chambers which are separated by valves that determine the amount of blood that enters each chamber at any given period of time. Normal valves help in the prevention of blood from flowing in the wrong direction in the heart. A healthy and normal heart makes a "lub-dub" sound during its beats. The "lub" sound, also called systolic sound, occurs during the contraction of the heart and the mitral and tricuspid valves close, whereas the "dub"  sound, also called diastolic sound, occurs during the relaxation of the heart and the aortic and pulmonic valves close during that event.  Therefore A heart murmur is an additional sound in a heartbeat-like a ''whooshing''  type of sound being caused by turbulent blood flow between the valves of the heart.

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Heart Palpitations

Heart palpitations feel as if the heart is racing, pounding, or like the patient has missed heartbeats. Palpitations can take place at any time, even while at rest or performing normal day-to-day activities. Although they may be a cause of concern, palpitations are not usually consequential or dangerous. However, at times they can be related to an abnormal heart rhythm that needs medical attention. In very rare cases, they can be interpreted as a symptom of a more dangerous heart condition, for instance, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia), that might require treatment. They often resolve on their own and subside slowly. Most of the time, they take place due to stress and anxiety or because you've had too much caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol. They can also happen when you’re pregnant.

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Heart Transplant

A heart transplant is a surgical transplantation that is performed on patients with end-stage heart failure, or severe coronary artery disease. The patient’s heart is replaced with a donor’s healthy heart and is performed as a life-saving measure.

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Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Hypertension refers to high blood pressure which may lead to many other symptoms. Blood pressure is the measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Hypertension is known to be a cause of chronic kidney disease. Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension

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Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease, also known as PAD, is blockage or narrowing of vessels (arteries) that supply blood to the legs from the heart. It occurs due to the build-up of fatty tissue or plaque within the blood vessels or at the periphery of the vessel referred to as atherosclerosis or arteriosclerosis. It commonly affects the lower limbs but can affect any blood vessel such as arms, stomach, head, kidneys. It usually affects the older population but can occur at any age. A warning sign of PAD is having cramps when moving that subsides on taking adequate rest. It can lead to stroke or heart attack if left untreated.Peripheral artery disease has a high prevalence rate among the population. However, it is one of the most underdiagnosed and undertreated diseases.

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Rheumatic Heart Disease

It refers to the damage in one or more heart valves that can develop after rheumatic fever. The fever usually occurs as a result of strep throat or scarlet fever which is not treated properly. Rheumatic fever can damage the heart valves, leading to rheumatic heart disease. If left untreated, rheumatic heart disease can cause complications such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves. Common signs and symptoms of this heart condition are: Heart palpitations or missing heartbeats Pain in the chest area Thumping sensations in the chest Shortness of breath Excessive fatigue Swelling in stomach, ankles, and wrists

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Valvular Heart Disease

This heart condition refers to the damage or defect in one or more of the four valves – mitral, tricuspid, aortic and pulmonic valves, present in the heart. Common conditions that can cause valvular heart disease are congenital valve disease and rheumatic fever. It can also occur due to ageing. Its symptoms can occur suddenly and need medical attention. Some of the common symptoms are: Wheezing and shortness of breath Swelling in feet, hands or abdomen Fatigue Dizziness Rapid weight gain Chest pain and palpitations

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Vascular Surgery

Vascular disease is a group of diseases of the blood vessels (arteries and veins of the circulatory system) where there is a disorder and disruption in the blood flow that can lead to disability and even death. Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty which involves usage of minimal-invasive catheter procedures to treat the diseases of the vascular system, arteries, veins and lymphatic circulation. However, intracranial and coronary arteries are not included in vascular surgery.

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Our Medical Experts

Max Healthcare is home to 2500+ eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective fields. Additionally, they are renowned for developing innovative and revolutionary clinical procedures.

Our Medical Experts

Max Healthcare is home to 2500+ eminent doctors in the world, most of whom are pioneers in their respective fields. Additionally, they are renowned for developing innovative and revolutionary clinical procedures.

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Our Technological Advancements

Extra Corporeal Membrane Therapy (ECMO)

Extra Corporeal Membrane Therapy (ECMO) is a high end rescue therapy for patients suffering from heart and lung failure but are neurologically intact. The technology provides support during high-risk procedures in the cardiac catheterization lab after a serious heart attack. It acts as a bridge for patients awaiting lung transplant. The ECMO helps keep the tissues well oxygenated, thereby making the candidate suitable for a transplant.

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SPY Elite Imaging

The SPY Elite allowes surgeons to capture, review, print and archive high-quality image sequences of blood flow in vessels and micro-vessels, tissue and organ perfusion within minutes and in real-time during the course of performing a wide variety of surgical procedures.

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Real Patients, Real Stories.

70 Year Old Mr John Mburu Mwaur Kidney Transplant - Patient Success Story

Treated by Dr. Vimal Dassi, Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida

Patient Mr Boniface Koisani Kishil Kidney Transplant Success - Patient Success Story

Treated by Dr. Vimal Dassi, Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida

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K.N. Ravi - Battling Prostate Cancer | Max Vaishali

Treated by Dr. Vimal Dassi, Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida

Knee Ligament Injury Treatment | Pranjul Success Story | Max Hospital, Vaishali

Treated by Dr. Nikunj Agrawal, Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida

Knee Replacement Surgery: Success Story | 70-year-old man Recovers from Knee Deformity, Max Vaishali

Treated by Dr. Nikunj Agrawal, Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida

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70 Year Old Mr John Mburu Mwaur Kidney Transplant - Patient Success Story

Treated by Dr. Vimal Dassi , Max Multi Speciality Centre, Noida

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Cardiac Sciences Blogs

Hypertension – The ‘SILENT KILLER’

People take hypertension lightly, and most of them are not aware or don’t pay attention to its criticality. We have gathered some common and most frequently asked questions that people have about hypertension to reflect on its seriousness.

Dr. Niraj Kumar In Cardiac Sciences

Can Cough Indicate A Signal for Heart Failure?

Most of the cough signs are often associated with the issues related to lungs. However, not many people know that a chronic cough is also an indication of heart failure.

Dr. Amit Malik In Cardiac Sciences

Rise in cases of asymptomatic heart attacks amongst middle aged people

Asymptomatic heart attacks medically known as silent myocardial infarction (SMI) annually accounts for around 45-50% of morbidities due to cardiac ailments and even premature deaths in India. The incidences among middle aged people experiencing SMI is twice likely to develop in males than females. The symptoms of SMI being very mild in comparison to an actual heart attack; it is described as a silent killer. Unlike the symptoms in a normal heart attack which includes extreme chest pain, stabbing pain in the arms, neck & jaw, sudden shortness of breath, sweating and dizziness, the symptoms of SMI are very brief and hence confused with regular discomfort and most often ignored.

Dr. Naveen Bhamri In Cardiac Sciences

An Access to the Heart Through Your Hand

Coronary artery disease is a condition that causes impaired blood flow in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. It is also known as coronary heart disease (CHD), and if uncontrolled it can lead to a heart attack. It is a common heart condition and also one of the leading causes of death. Hence, it is crucial that coronary artery disease must get diagnosed and treated as early as possible. Seeing a cardiologist in Delhi should be the first step if anyone is suspecting symptoms of coronary artery disease.

Dr. Gaurav Minocha In Cardiac Sciences

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Our Cardiac Sciences Hospital Network

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Max Super Speciality Hospital, Vaishali
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Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket
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