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Gynecologic Oncology
Overview
Gynaecologic cancer is a type of cancer that starts in a woman's reproductive organs. While they are often discussed as a group, each gynaecologic cancer is unique. Each has different signs, symptoms, and risk factors.
The five main types of gynaecologic cancer are:
- Cervical cancer: Begins in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus (or womb)
- Ovarian cancer: Begins in the ovaries, located on each side of the uterus
- Uterine cancer: Begins in the uterus, a pear-shaped organ in a woman's pelvis
- Vaginal cancer: Begins in the vagina, the hollow, tube-like channel between the bottom of the uterus and the outside of the body.
- Vulvar cancer: Begins in the vulva, the outer part of the female genital organ, which includes the inner and outer lips of the vagina, the clitoris, and the opening of the vagina and its glands.
Each specific type of gynaecologic cancer has a unique set of risk factors. The most common include:
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections that do not go away increase the risk of getting several types of gynaecologic cancers
- Family history of malignancy in the family
- Increasing age
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
The symptoms of gynaecologic cancer are:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
- Feeling full too quickly or difficulty eating
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent or urgent need to urinate and/or constipation
- Bloating
- Abdominal or back pain
- Itching, burning, pain or tenderness of the vulva
- Changes in vulva colour or skin - such as a rash, sores or warts
Max Institute of Cancer Care (MICC) is one of the leading facilities in India, which offers the latest treatments under surgical oncology, radiation oncology, and medical oncology. It is one of the largest Cancer Centres in North India, with presence in Saket, Patparganj, Shalimar Bagh, Vaishali, Mohali and Bathinda. It offers high-end treatments like IMRT, and IGRT with facilities like Cone- Beam Computerized Tomography Scan (CBCT Scan) and ExacTrac.
When it comes to cancer imaging services by the radiology department, our aim is to establish our techniques so that they work as prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The latest technology and protocols are followed for the imaging of patients which enables more detailed and informative reporting. Senior radiologists with expertise in women’s oncological imaging provide high-quality reports which have shown consistently to improve patient results.
We provide treatment for all kinds of gynaecologic cancer like ovarian cancer, endometrial cancers, cervical cancer, vulvar and vaginal cancers, sarcomas and others. We provide a strong back-up of on-site ICU as well as other speciality services like cardiology, nephrology, neurology, endocrinology, gastroenterology and others.
Tumor Board
At Max Institute of Cancer Care (MICC), the Gynaecologic Oncology DMG (Disease Management Group) provides customised treatment to every patient after discussion in great depth. It has been appreciated all over and has won awards at a national level. We also regularly discuss our patients at the National Cancer Grid Virtual Tumor Boards. Genetic and molecular information is routinely incorporated in order to provide personalised and precise treatment.
Our treatment for gynaecologic cancer begins by staging the disease. Cancer staging describes the size and extent of the disease in the body and whether it has spread from its original site to other parts of the body. To find out the stage of a gynaecologic cancer, the doctor may perform several tests.
The test results will help the doctor develop the best possible treatment plan and can be used to ascertain the likely outcome or course of the disease.
There are things you can do that may help lower your chance of getting them or help to find them early. It is important to detect cancers early, when treatment can be most effective.
a. Pay attention to your body and know what is normal for you. If you have any abnormal vaginal bleeding, or if you have any other signs and symptoms raising suspicion of gynaecologic cancer for two weeks or longer, talk to your doctor right away.
b. Make healthy lifestyle choices. For overall good health, eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables; exercise regularly; maintain a healthy weight; avoid smoking, and practice safe sex.
c. Get the Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, if you are at an age when it is recommended. It protects against the types of HPV that most often cause cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. The vaccine is recommended for girls and women aged between 9-25 yrs. A gynaecologist should be consulted for recommendations of Pap testing. The Pap test does not screen for ovarian, uterine, vaginal, or vulvar cancers.
Max Institute of Cancer Care (MICC) offers different types and combinations of gynecological cancer treatment. These depend on the type and stage at which it is diagnosed. Possible treatments include:
A) Surgery: The extent or possibility of surgery depends on the type of cancer and the patient's overall health.
Following are the surgical treatment options provided at MICC:
- Ovarian cancer – Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)
- Endometrial cancer – Minimally Invasive Surgery - Laparoscopy and Robotic Surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy (validated and sentinel performing centre)
- Case-Series of Minimally Invasive Surgery on morbidly obese patients
- Cervical cancer – Minimally Invasive Open Radical Hysterectomy
- Vulvar cancer – Radical Vulvectomy with reconstruction with flap surgery, inguinal dissection, radical local excision
- Colposcopy, Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP), Conization and laser surgery for various pre-invasive lesions of the genital tract
B) Chemotherapy: The doctor uses drugs to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. These drugs are given along with fluids over some time and repeated at regular intervals. These drugs can cause temporary alopecia (hair fall), nausea and vomiting (controlled by drugs) and fall in blood counts (temporary - reversed by medicine). Side effects usually get better or go away when chemotherapy is over.
C) Radiation Therapy: A doctor uses high doses of radiation-high-energy rays-to kill cancer cells and stops them from spreading. Radiation therapy does not hurt while it is being given, but it can cause side effects. The latest form of radiation right beam causes minimum side effects with very high control.
Tumor Board Timings
Gynaecology Oncology - Thursday - 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Central Tumour Board - Monday - 8:30 - 9:30 AM
Central Tumour Board - Friday - 8:30 - 9:30 AM
Gynaecology Oncology - Thursday - 12:00 pm - 1:00 pm
Central Tumour Board - Monday - 8:30 - 9:30 AM
Central Tumour Board - Friday - 8:30 - 9:30 AM
Breast Oncology & Gynaecology Oncology - Monday - 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Central Tumour Board - Friday - 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Breast Oncology & Gynaecology Oncology - Monday - 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Central Tumour Board - Friday - 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Central Tumor Board - Monday - 8:30am-9:30am
Central Tumor Board - Thursday - 8:30am-9:30am
Virtual Tumour Board PAN INDIA - Wednesday - 3:00 PM - 4:00 pm
Virtual Tumour Board PAN INDIA - Saturday - 9:00 AM - 12:00 AM
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