Keyhole Surgery in Delhi, India

For diagnosis, if other methods do not provide conclusive results, the doctor may recommend a keyhole surgery to diagnose the following conditions: 

• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Endometriosis
• Ovarian cysts
• Inflammation of gallbladder
• Appendicitis
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Fibroids
• Biopsy

Keyhole surgery can also be performed to treat different conditions, including:

• Removal of the gallbladder
• Treating hernia
• Removal of fibroids
• Removal of the appendix
• Treating ectopic pregnancy
• Removal of womb
• Treating endometriosis
• Removal of certain parts of the intestines

Keyhole surgery is much more common now as it offers less painful experience and minimum scarring. The surgery is also safer than open surgery, and people recover faster than open surgery. That said, you may be a good candidate for keyhole surgery if you meet the following conditions: 

• Early-stage of cancer
• No prior major surgeries
• Lower BMI
• Hernia
• Gallstones
• Groin pain
• Crohn’s disease
• Colon conditions

The following reasons may not make you a good candidate for keyhole surgery:

• Heart condition
• Metastases
• History of medical conditions
• Higher BMI
• Smoking
• Bleeding disorder, anaemia, or any other chronic illness
• Unable to tolerate anaesthesia

Depending on the condition, your doctor will recommend keyhole surgery. The medical team will also provide some pre-surgery instructions to you. The doctor will ask if you take any medications, including over-the-counter drugs (like aspirin), herbs, and vitamins. The doctor will also ask about allergies and any bleeding disorder family history. Before the surgery, you may need specific tests to diagnose the condition. Some other preparation that is required for the surgery includes:

• Medical evaluation 
• Avoid taking anti-inflammatory drugs
• Stop taking blood-thinning medications for one week before the surgery
• Not to eat or drink after midnight before the surgery
• Pre-arranging a ride home after the surgery
• Stop smoking as soon you decide for operation

Keyhole surgery is usually done as an outpatient procedure, though in some cases, it may require in-patient hospitalization. The latter means that you have to stay at the hospital for 24 hours and more. You will be given general anaesthesia. The surgeon will then make small incisions through the skin (usually 10mm and 5mm). The surgeon inserts an instrument known as a laparoscope.

The laparoscopy is a small, narrow tube with a light and a camera attached to it, allowing the surgeon to see the area through a monitor. The surgeon inserts small surgical tools and a tube to pump gas, usually carbon dioxide, to see the internal organs. Depending on the specific part of the body, the doctor may perform the following surgical procedure:

Arthroscopy: When the keyhole surgery is performed to see a joint, it is known as arthroscopy. The surgeon inserts a narrow tube through the incision during the procedure, and corrective surgery is performed with special instruments.

Parathyroidectomy: This procedure removes the parathyroid glands using keyhole surgery. The surgeon makes small incisions in the skin of the neck and gains access to the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands. The surgeon then removes the damaged glands.

Laparoscopy: When the surgery is performed to access the abdomen and female pelvic organs, it is generally known as laparoscopy.

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS):  In this VATS, the surgeon inserts a small camera known as a thoracoscope and small instructions through the incisions in the chest to perform the surgery on the lungs, chest, and esophagus.

Once the procedure is completed, the surgeon removes all the instruments, and the incisions are stitched up and dressed.

The complications after keyhole surgery are generally low as compared to open surgery. However, like any other major surgery, there are some risks associated with it, including bleeding, infection, and complications related to anaesthesia. Other complications may include: 

• Formation of Blood clots
• Bleeding from the incision site
• Infection
• Swelling around the incision 
• Bloating 
• Nausea
• Damage to an organ or blood vessel

In many cases, you will be able to go home on the same day of the keyhole surgery. However, you need to stay for 1 to 3 days in hospital in other cases. The total recovery will depend on the type of surgical procedure that you have gone through. In some cases, you may feel some pain in the shoulder or back due to the gas used during the surgery. However, the pain should resolve within a few days.

Your doctor will prescribe medications for pain and swelling. However, these typically go away within two weeks after the surgery. Your surgeon may also ask to follow some precautions, including:

• Avoiding strenuous activities
• No lifting or bending for a few days after the surgery
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
• Follow up with the doctor
• Keeping the incision area clean
• Exercising regularly
• Quit Smoking

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