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Functional movement disorder

Functional Movement Disorder Treatment in Delhi, India

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Overview

Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to perform voluntary movements. It is a type of conversion disorder, which means that physical symptoms are not caused by an underlying medical condition but are a manifestation of psychological stress. FMD is a relatively common condition affecting people of all ages, but it is more commonly diagnosed in women than men.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of FMD can vary widely depending on the individual and the specific type of FMD. However, some common symptoms of FMD include:

  • Tremors or shaking
  • Weakness or paralysis
  • Abnormal movements, such as twisting or jerking
  • Difficulty walking or standing
  • Difficulty speaking or swallowing
  • Vision problems
  • Seizures or convulsions

Causes

The exact cause of FMD is not known, but it is considered to be related to psychological stress. FMD is thought to occur when a person's brain becomes overwhelmed with stress and is unable to regulate their movements properly.

Risk factors

Several risk factors may increase a person's likelihood of developing FMD. These include:

  • A history of physical or emotional trauma
  • A history of mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression
  • A family history of FMD
  • Certain personality traits, such as being a perfectionist or having a high level of anxiety

Types:

There are several different types of FMD, including:

  • Functional tremor: a kind of tremor that occurs when a person is under stress or experiencing strong emotions
  • Functional weakness: weakness or paralysis that cannot be explained by an underlying medical condition
  • Functional gait disorder: difficulty walking or standing, not caused by an underlying medical condition
  • Functional speech disorder: difficulty speaking or swallowing, not caused by an underlying medical condition
  • Functional movement seizures: seizures or convulsions that are not caused by an underlying medical condition

Diagnosis:

Diagnosing FMD can be challenging since no specific tests or imaging studies can definitively diagnose the condition. Instead, a neurologist will typically diagnose based on the person's symptoms and medical history. They may also perform a physical examination and order blood tests or imaging studies to rule out other medical conditions.

Treatment options:

While there is no cure for FMD, treatment options are available and help manage the symptoms. These may include:

  • Physical therapy: exercising and stretching can help improve mobility and function.
  • Psychotherapy: counselling and other forms of talk therapy to help address underlying psychological stressors.
  • Medications: Medications like anti-anxiety medications and anti-depressants may help manage symptoms.
  • Occupational therapy: techniques and strategies to help improve daily functioning and quality of life.

Complications:

FMD can lead to various complications, depending on the severity of the symptoms. These may include:

  • Difficulty in performing daily activities, such as bathing or dressing
  • Social isolation and withdrawal
  • Depression or anxiety
  • Increased risk of falls or injuries
  • Impaired speech or communication

Prevention:

There is no known way to prevent FMD, but managing stress and seeking treatment for underlying mental health conditions may help reduce the risk.

Prognosis:

The prognosis for FMD varies widely depending on the individual and the specific type of FMD. Some people may experience mild symptoms that do not significantly impact their daily life, while others may have more severe symptoms that require ongoing treatment and management. With appropriate treatment, many people with FMD can manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. However, some individuals may continue experiencing symptoms despite treatment, and in rare cases, FMD may lead to long-term disability.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1. Is functional movement disorder a mental illness?

Functional movement disorder is a neurological condition that is believed to be related to psychological stress.

Q2. How common is functional movement disorder?

Functional movement disorder is a relatively common condition that can affect people of all ages, but it is more commonly diagnosed in women than in men.

Q3. How do you know if you have neurological problems?

Neurological problems can present with a wide range of symptoms, including difficulty with movement, coordination, sensation, or changes in cognitive function. If you are experiencing any persistent or concerning neurological symptoms, you should consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and diagnosis.

Q4. Do neurological problems go away?

The outcome of neurological problems varies widely and depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Some neurological problems can be managed or treated effectively, while others may be chronic or progressive.

Q5. Can blood tests detect neurological problems?

Blood tests can help diagnose neurological problems by identifying specific markers or changes in blood chemistry associated with certain conditions. However, neurological testing usually involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and specialized imaging or diagnostic tests.

Review

Reviewed by Dr. Sanjay Saxena, Senior Director & HOD - Neurosciences, Neurology.


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