Eye Flu: Symptoms, Precautions, and At-Home Remedies

Eye flu, or conjunctivitis, is a common infection that often occurs during the monsoon season. It affects the outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid. This condition typically presents with symptoms such as redness, watery discharge, and itchiness, which can lead to significant discomfort and disruption in daily activities. Thankfully, most cases are not serious and can be managed effectively with proper care and treatment. In this blog, we will explore all the basic information about eye flu, including its causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention strategies, to help you better understand and manage this condition.

What is Eye Flu? 

Eye flu, or conjunctivitis, is a common inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear, moist layer covering the white part of your eye and the inner surface of your eyelids. This delicate membrane helps protect your eye from irritants and infections. When it becomes inflamed, it can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, itchiness, a gritty sensation, and increased tear production. Conjunctivitis is generally not a serious condition and usually clears up on its own within a week or two. However, in some cases, it may require medical treatment.

How is Eye Flu Caused?

Eye flu can result from various factors that lead to inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva. Here are the main causes:

• Viral Infections: Adenoviruses are the most common cause of viral conjunctivitis, often associated with respiratory infections or colds. Viral conjunctivitis is typically highly contagious and can spread easily in crowded settings. Other viruses, such as the herpes simplex virus or the varicella-zoster virus, can also cause conjunctivitis but are less common.
• Bacterial Infections: Bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. This type of conjunctivitis may lead to more severe symptoms, such as yellow or green discharge, and often requires antibiotic treatment.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergic conjunctivitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens like pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mould. Symptoms often include intense itching, redness, and watery discharge. This type of conjunctivitis is not contagious and can be managed with antihistamines and avoiding allergens.
• Irritants: Exposure to environmental irritants, such as smoke, chlorine (from swimming pools), air pollution, or harsh chemicals, can cause conjunctivitis. These irritants may lead to redness, tearing, and discomfort.
• Contact Lens Use: Improper hygiene while wearing contact lenses can lead to infections. Conditions like keratitis, which is inflammation of the cornea, can occur if lenses are not cleaned or stored properly. Prolonged wear of contact lenses, especially overnight, increases the risk of conjunctivitis.
• Chemical Exposure: Chemicals found in household cleaners, cosmetics, or swimming pool disinfectants can cause chemical conjunctivitis. This often results in redness, tearing, and discomfort.

Symptoms of Eye Flu

Symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary depending on the underlying cause.

Common Symptoms

• Redness: The whites of the eyes may appear pink or red.
• Watery Discharge: A clear, watery discharge is typical, especially in viral and allergic conjunctivitis.
• Itchiness: Itching is a common symptom, particularly in allergic conjunctivitis.
• Burning Sensation: A feeling of burning or irritation in the eyes.
• Swelling: The eyelids may become swollen.
• Gritty Feeling: A sensation of having sand or grit in the eyes.
• Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) can occur.
• Crusting: In the morning, there might be crusting of the eyelids or lashes due to discharge.

Severe Symptoms

• Thick Discharge: A thick, yellow or green discharge is often seen in bacterial conjunctivitis and may cause the eyelids to stick together.
• Severe Redness: Intense redness of the eyes, which may indicate a more serious infection.
• Vision Changes: Blurred vision or difficulty seeing clearly.
• Pain: Significant eye pain, which is not typical of mild conjunctivitis, may indicate a more serious condition.
• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Swelling of the lymph nodes around the ear or neck can occur with certain types of viral conjunctivitis.
• Persistent Symptoms: Symptoms that do not improve or worsen despite treatment.
• Corneal Involvement: In some severe cases, the infection can spread to the cornea, causing keratitis, which can lead to more serious complications.

If you experience severe symptoms or if common symptoms persist for more than a few days, it is important to seek medical attention to prevent complications and receive appropriate treatment.

Treatment Options for Eye Flu

When it comes to managing eye flu, there are several treatment options available. These can be broadly categorised into medical treatments and at-home remedies.

Medical Treatment

• Antibiotic Eye Drops or Ointments: If the conjunctivitis is bacterial, a doctor may prescribe antibiotic eye drops or ointments to clear the infection. It's crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully resolved.
• Antiviral Medications: For viral conjunctivitis, particularly those caused by the herpes simplex virus, antiviral medications are prescribed. These are less common and typically used for more severe viral infections.
• Antihistamines and Decongestants: If the eye flu is due to allergies, antihistamine eye drops or oral medications can help alleviate symptoms by reducing the allergic response. Decongestant drops can also be used to relieve redness and swelling.
• Steroid Eye Drops: In some cases of severe inflammation, steroid eye drops may be prescribed to reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Artificial Tears or Lubricants: Over-the-counter artificial tears can help alleviate dryness and irritation. These eye drops can be used multiple times a day to keep the eyes lubricated and comfortable. 
• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage discomfort associated with eye flu.

At-Home Remedies

• Warm Compresses: Applying a warm compress to the affected eye can help soothe irritation and reduce swelling. Use a clean, warm cloth and apply it gently to the closed eye for a few minutes, several times a day.
• Cold Compresses: For allergic conjunctivitis, a cold compress may provide relief from itching and swelling. Similar to a warm compress, use a clean, cold cloth and apply it gently to the closed eye.

• Good Hygiene Practices: Maintain good hygiene to prevent the spread of infection. This includes washing hands frequently, avoiding touching the eyes, and not sharing personal items like towels or makeup.
• Avoiding Irritants: Stay away from smoke, dust, and other environmental irritants that can exacerbate the symptoms. If you wear contact lenses, switch to glasses until the infection clears up to avoid further irritation.
• Proper Contact Lens Care: If you must wear contact lenses, ensure they are cleaned and stored properly. Use fresh cleaning solution and avoid using tap water on lenses or lens cases.

Precautions to Prevent the Spread of Eye Flu

Precautions for prevention of eye flu involves simple yet effective hygiene practices like:

• Wash your hands frequently: Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially before touching your eyes or face.
• Avoid touching your eyes: This is crucial to prevent the spread of germs.
• Use clean tissues: Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues immediately.
• Avoid sharing personal items: Don't share towels, makeup, or eye drops with others.
• Practise good contact lens hygiene: Clean and store your contact lenses properly, and follow your eye doctor's recommendations.
• Disinfect surfaces: Regularly clean surfaces and objects that are frequently touched, such as doorknobs and phones.
• Use Protective Eyewear: When swimming or engaging in activities that may expose your eyes to irritants, wear goggles to shield them.
• Stay Away from Infected Individuals: If someone around you has conjunctivitis, maintain a safe distance to avoid catching the infection.

By following these guidelines, you can significantly reduce your risk of contracting eye flu.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can eye flu recur after treatment?

Yes, eye flu can recur, especially if the underlying cause isn't addressed. Good hygiene practices and avoiding irritants can help prevent reoccurrence.

How long does eye flu usually last?

The duration of eye flu varies depending on the cause. Viral conjunctivitis can last 7–10 days, while bacterial conjunctivitis often clears up within a week with antibiotic treatment. Allergic conjunctivitis may persist as long as you're exposed to the allergen.

Can eye flu cause permanent damage to my eyes?

While uncomfortable, eye flu typically doesn't cause permanent damage to the eyes. However, if left untreated or if there's an underlying condition, complications can arise. It's essential to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen.

Are there any long-term effects of eye flu?

In most cases, there are no long-term effects of eye flu. However, persistent or recurrent eye infections might indicate an underlying health issue.

Can I wear makeup while I have eye flu?

It's best to avoid wearing makeup while you have eye flu to prevent further irritation and the spread of infection.

What should I do if my symptoms worsen despite treatment?

If your eye flu symptoms worsen or don't improve after a few days of treatment, it's important to consult an ophthalmologist.

Are there any activities I should avoid while recovering from eye flu?

Avoid rubbing your eyes, swimming, or wearing contact lenses until your eye flu has completely cleared up.

Can eye flu be related to other health conditions?

Yes, eye flu can be related to other health conditions such as respiratory infections, autoimmune diseases, or systemic viral infections like measles or chickenpox.

How can I differentiate between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis?

Viral conjunctivitis typically causes watery discharge, while bacterial conjunctivitis often results in thicker, yellow or green discharge. Viral conjunctivitis is usually associated with cold-like symptoms, whereas bacterial conjunctivitis may cause more severe redness and swelling.

Are there any specific foods or supplements that can help speed up recovery?

Although no specific foods or supplements can cure eye flu, a balanced diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E, along with zinc, can support immune function and overall eye health. Staying hydrated and maintaining good nutrition can aid in recovery.

How do I know if my eye flu is completely cured?

Eye flu is considered cured when there is no more redness, discharge, or discomfort, and vision is back to normal. Follow your doctor's advice, complete any prescribed medication, and monitor for a few days to ensure symptoms do not return.

Conclusion

If you suspect you have eye flu, it’s important to take immediate steps to manage your symptoms and prevent the spread of the infection. Begin with good hygiene practices, avoid touching your eyes, and consider both medical and at-home treatments for relief. For persistent or severe symptoms, seeking professional medical advice is crucial. Max Hospital offers comprehensive care for the eye. Schedule an appointment with our ophthalmologist today to receive the care needed and to address any eye health concerns.