Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Recognizing Stages and Symptoms | Max Hospital

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Recognizing Key Stages and Symptoms

Mar 28 , 2024 | 1 min read

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a serious condition affecting millions worldwide; it progresses slowly over time, often without symptoms in the early stages. However, understanding the stages and recognising symptoms can lead to early detection and better management. In this blog, we'll delve into the stages of CKD and the important symptoms to watch for.

What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?

CKD is a condition in which kidneys gradually lose function over time. The kidneys, vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood, play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. When they are damaged, waste builds up in the body, leading to various complications.Read More: What is Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD)?

Stages of CKD

CKD is divided into the following stages based on how well the kidneys are functioning (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate). Here's a brief overview:

Stage 1: Kidney Damage with Normal or High eGFR

In this early stage, kidney damage is present, but the eGFR is 90 or higher
Often, there are no symptoms, and the damage may be detected through urine or blood tests

Stage 2: Kidney Damage with Mild Decrease in eGFR

Kidney damage is more pronounced, with an eGFR between 60-89
Symptoms may still be absent, but regular monitoring is crucial

Stage 3: Moderate Decrease in eGFR

Is divided into two sub-stages:

Stage 3a: eGFR 45-59
Stage 3b: eGFR 30-44
Symptoms may start to appear at this stage, such as fatigue, swelling, and changes in urination frequency.

Stage 4: Severe Decrease in eGFR

Kidney function is significantly reduced, with an eGFR between 15-29

Symptoms become more pronounced and may include nausea, itching, muscle cramps, and decreased appetite

Stage 5: Kidney Failure (End-Stage Renal Disease)

This is the most severe stage, with an eGFR of less than 15.
Symptoms are severe and life-threatening, including fatigue, confusion, difficulty breathing, and swelling in the extremities.

Symptoms to Watch For

While CKD may progress silently in the early stages, certain symptoms can indicate declining kidney function. These include:

Fatigue
Swelling
Urinating more or less frequently than usual
Blood in urine (hematuria) or foamy urine
Itching and skin rash
Nausea and vomiting
Shortness of breath
High blood pressure
Cramping in the legs, especially at night, and overall muscle weakness

Understanding its stages and symptoms can lead to early detection and better management. Regular screenings, especially for those at risk, play a vital role in catching Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in its early stages when treatment is most effective. By being aware of the stages and symptoms, individuals can take proactive steps towards kidney health and overall well-being.