Hemoptysis: Know the underlying causes of coughing up blood
By Dr. Vivek Saxena in Radiology , Interventional Radiology
Nov 07 , 2020 | 1 min read
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Hemoptysis is when a patient coughs up blood or blood sputum from bronchi, larynx trachea or lungs. The most common underlying causes that can be detected with CT are:
- Tuberculosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
- Fungal infections
- Lung malignancy
*Massive Hemoptysis is the bleeding more than 300ml within 24 hours.
How is Hemoptysis evaluated?
The imaging modalities that are pertinent to the evaluation of hemoptysis are:
- Chest Radiograph- It lateralize the bleeding with a higher degree of certainty and can often help in detecting underlying parenchymal and pleural abnormalities.
- MDCT- Contrast-enhanced MDCT is capable of demonstrating the site of bleeding. It provides high-resolution angiographic studies of thoracic and upper abdominal vasculature that are useful prior to anticipated bronchial artery embolization or surgical intervention.
- Thoracic aortography (Bronchial artery embolization)- It is the most effective therapy for controlling massive hemoptysis. In more than 90% of hemoptysis cases requiring intervention with arterial embolization or surgery, the bronchial arteries are responsible for bleeding.
Dr. Vivek Saxena says technical success has been achieved in more than 75-90% cases and recurrent blood is witnessed in approximately 20% cases, which is primarily due to non-recognition of a nonbronchial systemic collateral or pulmonary cause of hemoptysis.

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