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By Dr. Mukesh Mehra in Internal Medicine
Nov 29 , 2022 | 1 min read
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Often, HIV and AIDS are used interchangeably. HIV is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the third stage of HIV. Due to the advancements in medical research, people who are compliant with antiretroviral treatment do not progress to stage 3 of HIV/AIDS.
Transmission Of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus)
HIV can be transmitted in the following ways:
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Sexual contact with an infected partner
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Blood contamination
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Sharing needles
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Mother to infant
AIDS, on the other hand, can be transmitted only after the person has contracted HIV.
Ways HIV Is Not Transmitted
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Mosquitoes and other insects
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Saliva
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Tear
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Sweat
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Hugging
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Shaking
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Sharing dishes
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Closed-mouth kissing/social kissing
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Sharing toilets
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Air
But the following body fluids can transmit HIV
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Blood
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Semen
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Vaginal fluid
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Pre-seminal fluid
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Breast milk
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Rectal fluids
Stages And Their Symptoms Of HIV Infection
Stage 1: Acute HIV Infection
HIV causes the following symptoms after two to three weeks of transmission:
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Chills
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Night sweats
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Rash
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Sore throat
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Swollen lymph nodes
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Muscle aches
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Fatigue
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Mouth ulcers
Stage 2: Clinical Latency/Chronic HIV infection
Generally, the patient remains symptomless during this stage as natural immunity fights against the virus. Patients can stay in this stage for even 10 to 15 years.
If the viral load is less, the patient won’t transmit HIV to the partner, but if the viral load is detectable, HIV can be transmitted.
Viral load is the number of viruses in a millilitre of blood.
Stage 3: HIV/AIDS
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Persistent fever
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Diarrhoea lasting for more than one week.
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White spots in the mouth
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Genital sores
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Rashes
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Fatigue
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Significant weight loss
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Chills and night sweats
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Opportunistic infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis, lymphoma)
Diagnosis of HIV Virus
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Antibody tests
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Antigen/antibody tests
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Nucleic acid tests (NAT)
Management of HIV symptoms
Antiretroviral therapy, or ART, is used to manage symptoms of HIV.
Preventions From HIV Virus
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Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medicine
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Do not share needles/syringes.
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Use condoms
HIV is a Sexually Transmitted Disease and does not spread by sharing utensils or touching. So if your loved one is suffering from HIV, do not isolate them.
Written and Verified by:
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