Prostate Cancer Treatment in Delhi, India

Though the exact causes of prostate cancer are unknown; the following factors may increase the risk of prostate cancer:

1. Old age
2. Family history
3. Swelling or inflammation of prostate
4. Obesity
5. Eating high fatty food
6. Smoking
7. Low level of Vitamin D

Symptoms of prostate cancer are initially not different from non-cancerous enlargement of prostate (BPH). However, when it becomes advanced additional symptoms can occur. Usual symptoms are:

1. Frequent Urination
2. Facing difficulties in starting or stopping when trying to urinate or urinating
3. Constant need of urination, especially at night
4. A painful or burning sensation while urinating or ejaculating
5. Blood in urine or semen
6. Erectile dysfunction
7. Change in bowel habits
8. Unexplained weight loss
9. Fatigue
10. Back pain, hip pain or pelvic pain

1. Adenocarcinoma - It is the most common type of prostate cancer that starts in the cells lining the ducts and tubes of the prostate gland. As cancer starts, the cells grow and multiply abnormally they interfere with the normal functioning of the tissue.
   
2. Other than adenocarcinoma, there can be transitional cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, and basal cell prostate cancer. These types are much less common than adenocarcinoma but are usually more aggressive.

There are many options available for prostate cancer treatment in India which might be used at different times depending on the cancer stage and current health state of the patient.

Watchful Waiting or Active Surveillance

In many cases, prostate cancer grows slowly, and therefore, immediate medical intervention may not be required. Watchful waiting or active surveillance approach is applicable for low-grade prostate cancers. It means that the cancer is monitored closely by keeping a tab on the changing symptoms and doing regular testing to decide the need for further treatment.

Surgery

If cancer has not spread outside the prostate gland, radical prostatectomy is performed, in which a surgeon removes the entire prostate gland along with the tissues around it. Such surgery can be carried out by laparoscopic approach or by robotic approach leading to less patient discomfort and faster recovery.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation uses high-energy x-rays, gamma rays or particles to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be divided into external beam radiation and brachytherapy (internal radiation). In external radiation therapy, high-energy x-ray beams are directed at a tumour from outside the body. In case of internal radiation, doctors for prostate cancer treatment in India will place a radioactive source directly inside or near the tumour.

Hormone Therapy

This therapy is used for reducing the level of male hormones (androgens) as well as restrain them from affecting the prostate cancer cells. It is also called Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) and Androgen Suppression Therapy. Lower androgen levels lead to shrinkage in the size of the prostate cancer and restrict their growth.

Chemotherapy

In this the drugs are given by injection in the vein or orally to kill cancer cells and reduce tumor size. This approach is finding increasing use in prostate cancer, especially high grade.

Vaccination

Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) is a cancer vaccination given to boost the body’s immunity system to attack the prostate cancer cells. This vaccine is specifically made for every patient with the help of their white blood cells.

Just as prostate cancer treatment affects physically, it also affects the way the patient thinks and feels. While, a patient will be happy to know that it is the end of the treatment, deep inside there will be a fear of its recurrence. Just as it is essential to take care of the body after the treatment, it is essential to take care of the emotions too. It is the time to take care of your mental health, and the following tips would help:

1. Share your feelings with your loved ones
2. Eat a balanced diet
3. Maintain a healthy weight
4. Add any physical activities, like yoga, exercise, etc., to your daily routine
5. Vent out both your positive and negative emotions
6. Keep yourself busy in those activities which can take your mind off your fears
7. Rest well

Your doctor may also conduct some tests to get a better idea of your current health state. Ask about your fear of recurrence and what signs to watch for. Follow-up appointments help you know more about your health which will undoubtedly give better control over the situation.

1. Is prostate cancer curable?

Prostate cancer can often be treated successfully, especially when detected early. However, a complete cure may not always be possible, and some cases may require ongoing treatment to manage the disease effectively.

2. How can I lower my risk of developing prostate cancer?

While it is not possible to completely prevent prostate cancer, certain measures can help reduce the risk. These include maintaining a healthy diet and weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and minimising exposure to potentially harmful chemicals and toxins.

3. What is PSA, and why is it used for prostate cancer screening?

PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen, which is a protein produced by the prostate gland. A PSA is a simple blood test which is commonly used as a screening tool for prostate cancer, as elevated levels of PSA in the blood can indicate the presence of the disease.

4. What is a biopsy, and why is it performed to diagnose prostate cancer?

A biopsy involves taking a small sample of tissue from the prostate for microscopic examination. This procedure is the most reliable way to diagnose prostate cancer, as it allows doctors to analyse the tissue for the presence of cancer cells.

5. Can prostate cancer recur after treatment?

In some cases, prostate cancer may recur after initial treatment, especially if the cancer was not completely eradicated or if it was advanced at the time of diagnosis. Regular monitoring and follow-up check-ups are crucial for detecting any recurrence.

FAQs Reviewed by Dr. Meenu Walia, Senior Director - Medical Oncology (Breast, Gynaecology, Thoracic), Cancer Care / Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology, Thoracic Oncology, Medical Oncology, Breast Cancer on 26-Jun-2023.

1. Tips for preventing prostate cancer
2. Myths And Facts About Prostate Cancer
3. How can you be screened for Prostate Cancer?
4. Does Prostate Cancer Show No Symptoms?
5. Are you at a risk of Prostate Cancer?
6. Frequently Asked Questions About Prostate Cancer
7. Prostate Cancer Won't Wreck Your Love Life
8. When to Get Prostate Surgery Done?